The relationship between hyperglycemia and the infection of COVID-19 in diabetic patients

Liu, Yan; Yang, Yan; Chen, Yalin; Zhou, Linyue; Xiong, Qian; Xie, Changchun

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000021806

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Fignani et al proved that ACE2 is highly expressed in subsets of insulin-producing β-cells and pancreas microvasculature pericytes and is moderately expressed in scattered ductal cells and that pro-inflammatory cytokines increase ACE2 expression in the β-cell line (EndoC-βH1) and in primary human pancreatic islets [ 65 ]. It is stated that SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptor in islet cells, causing islet cell damage [ 51 , 65 ]. The same was the case with SARS-CoV-1 and other enteroviruses, which use the same receptor as SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Diabetes As a Results Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…COVID-19 is a new disease (at the time of writing this manuscript, it is only nearly a year since the first case was found) and we are now collecting data on epidemiology and analyzing data on the potential pathomechanism of this disease. Research on a larger scale is just beginning [ 51 ], and we are now relying on a fairly small scale. What we do know for sure is that people with diabetes, especially in old age, have a significantly increased probability of hospitalization, serious complications, and death from SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 5 , 12 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simultaneous occurrence of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension is one of the factors that also exacerbates the course of infection with SARS-CoV-2. The most controversy in the case of hypertension arises occurs when choosing the appropriate treatment, due to reports of the harmful effects of ACEI/ARBs [ 22 , 26 , 27 , 50 , 51 ]. Although.…”

Section: Diseases Coexisting With Diabetes Affecting the Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Every Diabetologist Should Know about SARS-CoV-2: State of Knowledge at the Beginning of 2021

Abramczyk¹,

Kuzan

2021

JCM

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For almost a year, the major medical problem has been the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. People with diabetes who contract COVID-19 are likely to experience more serious symptoms than patients without diabetes. This article presents new research about the epidemiology of COVID-19 in a group of patients with diabetes. It details the mortality and prognosis in such patients, as well as the relationship between COVID-19 and the diseases most often coexisting with diabetes: obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and increased risk for infection. It also details how the virus infects and affects patients with hyperglycemia. The context of glycation and receptors for advanced glycation products (RAGE) seems to be of particular importance here. We also present a hypothesis related to the cause-and-effect axis—it turns out that diabetes can be both the cause of the more difficult course of COVID-19 and the result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The last part of this article discusses the impact of antihyperglycemic drugs on the development of COVID-19 and other pharmacological implications, including which non-classical antihyperglycemic drugs seem to be effective in both the treatment of coronavirus infection and glucose homeostasis, and what strategies related to RAGE and glycation should be considered.

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Section: Diabetes As a Results Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diseases Coexisting With Diabetes Affecting the Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Every Diabetologist Should Know about SARS-CoV-2: State of Knowledge at the Beginning of 2021

Abramczyk¹,

Kuzan

2021

JCM

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“…Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as another major risk factor for RCM since the start of the pandemic in 2020. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection impairs innate and adaptive immunity, worsens hyperglycemia in diabetics, increases serum free iron levels, and induces endothelial receptors for entry of the Mucorales [ 8 – 11 ]. All these along with the rampant use of steroids for the treatment of COVID-19 create a perfect environment for fungal growth and invasion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracranial manifestations of rhinocerebral mucormycosis: a pictorial essay

Agrawal

Tripathi

Shukla

et al. 2022

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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Rhinocerebral mucormycosis has emerged as a common coinfection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the convalescence period. Frequent spread of disease from sinonasal mucosa to bone, neck spaces, orbit, and brain occurs along the perivascular/perineural routes or through direct invasion. Brain involvement represents severe manifestation and is often associated with poor functional outcomes and high mortality rates. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for the intracranial assessment of disease severity in mucormycosis. Early and accurate identification of intracranial extension is imperative to improve survival rates. With this pictorial essay, we aim to familiarize the readers with the cross-sectional imaging features of intracranial complications of mucormycosis. The radiological details in this essay should serve as a broad checklist for radiologists and clinicians while dealing with this fulminant infection.

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“…It is a common chronic metabolic disease, with the influence of bad lifestyle diabetes has become the third largest noncommunicable disease after cardiovascular diseases and tumours [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognosis of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes

S¹,

Peddareddy²,

Moha³

et al. 2021

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Background: The pandemic of COVID-19, a disease caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent data showed that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most prevalent comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, data indicate that hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are important risk factors for progression and unfavourable outcome in COVID-19 patients. Poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with severe progression of disease. Hence, large studies with comprehensive analysis of all risk factors and longer follow-up are necessary. Methods and analysis: A single-centre retrospective cross-sectional study of 300 patients that were SARS-CoV-2 positive from May to October 2020 was done. Data was entered into Microsoft excel data sheet and was analysed using SPSS 22 version software. Chi-square test or Fischer’s exact test (for 2x2 tables only) was used as test of significance for qualitative data. Independent t test was used as test of significance to identify the mean difference between two quantitative variables. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used as test of significance to identify the mean difference between more than two quantitative variables. P value (Probability that the result is true) of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant after assuming all the rules of statistical tests. Data collected was analyzed in a group of patients who were sub divided into 2 groups diabetics and Non diabetics. The parameters studied included laboratory markers: D dimer, CRP, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Ferritin levels. To assess the glycemic control HbA1C levels were assessed. The outcome parameters considered were Oxygen requirement, assessing the requirement of intensive care and duration of stay in the hospital Conclusion: The patients with higher HbA1c values were found to have higher CRP and D-dimer values and required ICU shift and prolonged hospital stay. Hence, good control of diabetes will reduce the worsening of disease. In a country like India, where most of the population do not have health insurance cover proper control of diabetes, can reduce the burden on family. Hence, large studies with comprehensive analysis of all risk factors and longer follow-up are necessary.

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The relationship between hyperglycemia and the infection of COVID-19 in diabetic patients

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

What Every Diabetologist Should Know about SARS-CoV-2: State of Knowledge at the Beginning of 2021

What Every Diabetologist Should Know about SARS-CoV-2: State of Knowledge at the Beginning of 2021

Intracranial manifestations of rhinocerebral mucormycosis: a pictorial essay

Prognosis of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes

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