The Relationship Between Gingivitis and Colonization by <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i> in Children

Morinushi, Takanobu; Lopatin, Dennis E.; Poperin, Neal Van; Ueda, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.3.403

Cited by 37 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…P. gingivalis was detected less frequently by culture than by either immunofluorescence or DNA probe assay (Tanner et al, 1998). P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in young children by PCR assay (McClellan et al, 1996;Lamell et al, 2000) and a slot-immunoblotting assay (Morinushi et al, 2000). In the current study, the detection frequency for most probe species was similar in younger and older children, suggesting that these species colonize in the first 18 months of life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

The Microbiota of Young Children from Tooth and Tongue Samples

Tanner¹,

Milgrom²,

Kent³

et al. 2002

Journal of Dental Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study determined the frequency with which 38 microbial species were detected in 171 randomly selected children from 6 to 36 months of age. Children were sampled and dental caries measured. Oral samples were assayed by means of a checkerboard DNA probe assay. The detection frequencies from tongue samples in children under 18 mos were: S. mutans 70%, S. sobrinus 72%, P. gingivalis 23%, B. forsythus 11%, and A. actinomycetemcomitans 30%, with similar detection frequencies in children over 18 mos. Thus, S. mutans and the periodontal pathogens, P. gingivalis and B. forsythus, were detected even in the youngest subjects. Species associated with caries included S. mutans (children ages 18-36 mos) and A. israelii (children ages < 18 mos), the latter species possibly reflecting increased plaque in children with caries. Species detection from tooth and tongue samples was highly associated, with most species detected more frequently from tongue than from tooth samples in children under 18 mos, suggesting that the tongue was a potential microbial reservoir.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

The Microbiota of Young Children from Tooth and Tongue Samples

Tanner¹,

Milgrom²,

Kent³

et al. 2002

Journal of Dental Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…20 In particular, Pg and Tf are closely related to periodontal breakdown and have been reported to play significant roles in the onset and progress of periodontal disease as the most periodontopathic species. 21 Therefore, decreased levels of Pg, Pi, and Tf might imply a reduced risk for developing gingival or periodontal inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in salivary periodontal pathogens after orthodontic treatment: An in vivo prospective study

Kim

Jung

Cho

et al. 2015

The Angle Orthodontist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To analyze the initial changes in salivary levels of periodontal pathogens after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: The subjects consisted of 54 adult patients. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Plaque Index, and Gingival Index were measured as periodontal parameters. Both the plaque and gingival indexes were obtained from the central and lateral incisors and first molars of both arches. Whole saliva and periodontal parameters were obtained at the following four time points: immediately before debonding (T1), 1 week after debonding (T2), 5 weeks after debonding (T3), and 13 weeks after debonding (T4). Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine salivary bacterial levels and periodontal parameters among the four time points after quantifying salivary levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and total bacteria using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: All periodontal parameters were significantly decreased immediately after debonding (T2). The salivary levels of total bacteria and Pg were decreased at T3, while Pi and Tf levels were decreased at T4. However, the amount of Aa and Fn remained at similar levels in saliva during the experimental period. Interestingly, Aa and Fn were present in saliva at higher levels than were Pg, Pi, and Tf. Conclusion: The higher salivary levels of Aa and Fn after debonding suggests that the risk of periodontal problems cannot be completely eliminated by the removal of fixed orthodontic appliances during the initial retention period, despite improved oral hygiene. (Angle Orthod. 2016;86:998-1003.)

show abstract

“…In humans, colonization of the oral cavity by A. actinomycetemcomitans is believed to occur early in life, when the native flora are being established (46)(47)(48)(49). In these experiments, we pretreated adult rats with antibiotics to significantly reduce the number of indigenous bacteria, and thus give the mutants the greatest chance of colonizing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tight-adherence genes of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are required for virulence in a rat model

Schreiner

Sinatra

Kaplan

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

151

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that has been associated with localized aggressive periodontitis and infections of the heart, brain, and urinary tract. Wild-type clinical isolates have the remarkable ability to adhere tenaciously and nonspecifically to solid surfaces such as glass, plastic, and hydroxyapatite. Adherence by A. actinomycetemcomitans is mediated by the tight-adherence (tad) gene locus, which consists of 14 genes (flp-1-flp-2-tadV-rcpCAB-tadZABCDEFG). All but 2 of the genes have been shown to be required for the secretion and assembly of long, bundled Flp1 fibrils. To test whether the tad locus is required for colonization and disease, we developed a rat model for periodontal disease. To mimic the natural route of infection, Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated orally by adding bacteria directly to their food for 8 days. After inoculation with wild-type or mutant strains defective in adherence (flp-1 and tadA), the rats were assessed for colonization of the oral cavity and pathogenesis. Wild-type A. actinomycetemcomitans was able to colonize and persist for at least 12 weeks in the oral cavity, elicit a humoral immune response, and cause significant bone loss in rats. In contrast, rats fed flp-1 or tadA mutant strains showed no bone loss and their immune responses were indistinguishable from those of the uninoculated controls. These results demonstrate the critical importance of the tad locus in the colonization and pathogenesis of A. actinomycetemcomitans. nonspecific adherence ͉ tad genes ͉ pathogenesis ͉ localized juvenile periodontitis

show abstract

The Relationship Between Gingivitis and Colonization by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Children

Abstract: Our findings show that P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans are readily detected as early as 3 years of age and that their presence is associated with the onset and severity of gingivitis.

Cited by 37 publications

References 23 publications

The Microbiota of Young Children from Tooth and Tongue Samples

The Microbiota of Young Children from Tooth and Tongue Samples

Changes in salivary periodontal pathogens after orthodontic treatment: An in vivo prospective study

Tight-adherence genes of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are required for virulence in a rat model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About