The Relationship between Gestational Diabetes Metabolic Control and Fetal Autonomic Regulation, Movement and Birth Weight

Zöllkau, Janine; Swiderski, L; Schmidt, Alexander; Weschenfelder, F; Groten, T; Hoyer, Dirk; Schneider, Uwe

doi:10.3390/jcm10153378

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Zhao et al (2012) also reported the gene expression of GLUT1 downregulated in the 20 mM glucose treatment in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), compared with the 5 mM glucose treatment [40]. There is an effective counter-regulatory mechanism for the fetus to maintain normal glucose metabolism levels [41]. Due to the uncertainty in the function and the expression of transporters [42], there are limited reports on other glucose transporters in the placenta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Regulates Glucose Transport and Metabolism via mTOR Signaling Pathway in Bovine Placental Trophoblast Cells

Shi,

Kang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Animals

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It has been confirmed that improving the energy level of the diet contributed to the greater reproductive performance and birth weight of calves in periparturient dairy cows. To investigate the effect of glucose on nutrient transport during fetal development, the bovine placental trophoblast cells (BPTCs) were cultured in media with different glucose concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg/mL). Subsequently, the BPTCs were cultured in media with 1, 8 mg/mL glucose and 8 mg/mL glucose plus 100 nmol/L rapamycin (the inhibitor of mTOR pathway). Compared with the 1 mg/mL glucose, the addition of 8 mg/mL glucose stimulated cell proliferation, upregulated the mRNA abundance of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and GLUT4, and increased the activity of glucose metabolism-related enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenease (G6PD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), as well as adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) content (p < 0.05).Furthermore, compared with the treatment of 1 mg/mL glucose, adding 8 mg/mL of glucose-upregulated gene expression in the mTOR signaling pathway, including phosphatidylinositol3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 (P70S6K) (p < 0.05).The supplementation of rapamycin downregulated the gene and protein expression of the mTOR signaling pathway, including mTOR, P70S6K, EIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and gene expression of glucose transporter upregulated by 8 mg/mL glucose (p < 0.05). Thus, these results indicated that the addition of 8 mg/mL glucose regulated the glucose transport and metabolism in BPTCs through the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby promoting the supply of nutrients to fetus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Regulates Glucose Transport and Metabolism via mTOR Signaling Pathway in Bovine Placental Trophoblast Cells

Shi,

Kang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Відомо, що контроль метаболічних процесів матері з ЦД може впливати на автономну нервову регуляцію і рухливу активність плода [18]. Було встановлено зростання активності масо-інсулярної ланки регуляції плода у жінок з гестаційним ЦД.…”

Section: плодное программирование при сахарном диабете: акцент на пре...unclassified

Fetal programming in diabetes: an emphasis on prevention consequences of ketoacidosis

Лахно

2022

RHW

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The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific publications about the negative impact of ketoacidosis in pregnant women with diabetes on the development of the fetal nervous system from the standpoint of fetal programming and finding ways to prevent its negative effects on the fetus. It was found that the index of intellectual development of children 2 years old had a negative correlation with the level of β-hydroxybutyrate in maternal serum in the third trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, there is a need to avoid ketoacidosis and maternal starvation in order to prevent intellectual disabilities.It is known that the control of metabolic processes in mothers with diabetes can affect the autonomic nervous regulation and motor activity of the fetus. To date, there are no studies that have examined the possible relationship between maternal ketone bodies and fetal heart rate variability. Moreover, the routine monitoring of quantitative indicators of ketone bodies is not currently implemented during pregnancy. All existing treatment strategies for diabetes are performed to detect carbohydrate tolerance disorders and correct blood glucose levels with insulin or metformin.Among all the pharmacological methods of preventing the effects of ketosis, of course, the most reasonable and promising is the use of xylitol solutions. Numerous studies have presented that xylitol is an insulin-independent energy source which has a positive effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, helps to correct oxidative stress. Therefore, the study of the state of the fetal autonomic nervous regulation and indicators of intellectual development of the child under the influence of preventing the synthesis of ketone bodies by xylitol infusion may be the basis for improving the management of pregnant women with diabetes.

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“…Women with a history of GDM are at a higher risk of developing postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus [3] . GDM alters fetal autonomic control even if the metabolic adjustment is comparable to healthy controls [4] , increases the risk of fetal heart malformations [5] , and is associated with a high incidence of large-for-gestational-age infants despite close monitoring of glucose levels [2] . Pathogenesis of GDM is still uncertain, MicroRNA-362-5p dysregulation in the placenta is involved in GDM [1] and long noncoding RNAs are related to the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, and GDM [6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Serum Levels of Afamin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α during The First Trimester might be used as Early Predictors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Euglycemic Pregnant women

Bendary

Marei

2022

Evidence Based Women's Health Journal

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Objectives: Evaluation of serum levels of visfatin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), afamin, and fetuin-A in euglycemic women at the time of pregnancy diagnosis (Booking time) as early discriminators for women vulnerable to develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Patients and Methods: 150 euglycemic newly pregnant women were clinically evaluated and gave blood samples at booking time and at the 24th gestational week (GW). Glucose intolerance was diagnosed using the 75-gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycemic control state was checked by the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (IR) was diagnosed using the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) score. Serum levels of the studied biomarkers were estimated at-booking time and at the 24th GW. Group IR/GDM included women who developed IR and/or GDM, group IS/ NG included women who continued their pregnancy free of IR or GDM. Results: At the 24-GW, all women had higher blood glucose (BG) and HbA1c levels, and HOMA-IR index in comparison to their booking levels, but the difference was significant for women of IR/GDM group and 22 women (14.7%) developed GDM, while 58 women (38.7%) developed IR. At the 24th GW, serum levels of the four biomarkers were significantly higher in blood samples of women of IR/GDM group in comparison to their at-booking levels and to corresponding levels of women of IS/NG group. Statistical analyses defined high at-booking serum TNF-α and afamin levels as early predictors for uncontrolled BG levels, while high TNF-α, visfatin, and afamin serum levels are the significant predictors for HOMA-IR of >2 at the 24th GW. Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of the studied biomarkers early in pregnancy may play a role in the development of GDM. High serum TNF-α and afamin might be used as early discriminative biomarkers for women liable to develop GDM and/or IR later in pregnancy.

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The Relationship between Gestational Diabetes Metabolic Control and Fetal Autonomic Regulation, Movement and Birth Weight

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Glucose Regulates Glucose Transport and Metabolism via mTOR Signaling Pathway in Bovine Placental Trophoblast Cells

Glucose Regulates Glucose Transport and Metabolism via mTOR Signaling Pathway in Bovine Placental Trophoblast Cells

Fetal programming in diabetes: an emphasis on prevention consequences of ketoacidosis

High Serum Levels of Afamin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α during The First Trimester might be used as Early Predictors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Euglycemic Pregnant women

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