The Relationship between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Chronic Periodontitis

Abstract

Background/AimsThe most common cause of chronic periodontitis is poor oral hygiene. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) enhances the proximal migration of gastric contents and may cause poor oral hygiene. We hypothesized that GERD may increase thse risk of chronic periodontitis and investigated this potential relationship.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatients between January 1, 2010, and April 30, 2012. GERD was defined as being present based on at least two of the following criteria: etiologic agent(s), identifiable signs and symptoms, and consistent anatomic alterations. A total of 280 patients with chronic periodontitis and 280 controls were analyzed. Information regarding patient demographics and other potential confounding factors for chronic periodontitis were collected through individual medical records.ResultsGERD was revealed to be independently associated with an increased incidence of chronic periodontitis (odds ratio [OR], 2.883; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.775 to 4.682). The other three variables of dental caries (OR, 1.531; 95% CI, 1.042 to 2.249), tobacco use (OR, 2.335; 95% CI, 1.461 to 3.730), and history of medication (calcium channel blocker, cyclosporine, or phenytoin) (OR, 2.114; 95% CI, 1.160 to 3.854) were also determined to be independent risk factors.ConclusionsThe present study supported our hypothesis that GERD can be a risk factor for chronic periodontitis.

Systemic medical conditions and periodontal status in older individuals

“…Similarly, no effect on the severity of periodontal status, especially when compared to the standard of oral hygiene, was reported by Krohn . Studies have also evaluated the effect of gastroesophageal acid reflux on periodontal disease but are limited and inconclusive . In the present investigation, self‐reported acid reflux/GERD was significantly negatively associated with moderate bone loss ( p = 0.004) when compared to none to mild bone loss.…”

Factors Associated with Gingivitis in Children with Developmental Disabilities

“…We expected that gastroesophageal reflux disease, tooth decay [5,12], cerebral palsy [3,4,7,18], asthma and drugs for its treatment [13], xerostomia [8], and male gender [5] would be associated with gingivitis, but these associations were not found in our study.…”

“…age [11], dental caries [5,12], the use of medication, [12] different diagnoses of cerebral palsy [4], asthma and the medications used to treat it [13], and male gender [5].…”

Interplay of Toll-Like Receptor 9, Myeloid Cells, and Deubiquitinase A20 in Periodontal Inflammation

“…Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases, affecting almost half of the American population, and is associated with increased risk of systemic conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, adverse pregnancy outcomes, gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). While periodontal diseases are initiated by periodontopathic bacteria and dysbiosis, the deregulated host inflammatory response to this dysbiotic microflora leads to destruction of the tooth supporting structures and eventual tooth loss (16).…”