The relationship between gas transport properties and the histology of apple

Schotsmans, Wendy; Verlinden, Bert; Lammertyn, Jeroen; Nicolaı̈, Bart

doi:10.1002/jsfa.1768

Cited by 84 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Fruit subjected to AVG + ABS possibly had higher cell integrity and stability, which resulted in higher gas diffusion (Schotsmans et al, 2004). It is noteworthy that fruit which had high gas diffusion showed higher internal space, and these two parameters had a positive Pearson correlation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…If, for any reason, gas exchange is hindered, the internal atmosphere changes, which can result in some physiological disorders (flesh browning and mealiness) and in a decrease of fruit quality after storage (Franck et al, 2007). Gas diffusion on apple varies according to the cultivars, harvest dates, and storage time (Schotsmans et al, 2004). Some growth regulators in use in Brazilian apple production can affect the gas diffusion, due to alterations on normal growth of fruit, on its development, and on the gas exchange, which lead to physiological disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of growth regulators on 'Brookfield' apple gas diffusion and metabolism under controlled atmosphere storage

Brackmann

Thewes

Anese

et al. 2014

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on gas diffusion and on metabolism of 'Brookfield' apple, and to determine their correlation with quality characteristics of fruit stored in controlled atmosphere. A completely randomized design was used with four replicates. After eight months of storage, the effects of water (control), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), AVG + ethephon, AVG + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), ethephon + NAA, sole NAA, 1-MCP, ethylene absorption by potassium permanganate (ABS), AVG + ABS, and of AVG + 1-MCP -applied at different rates and periods -were evaluated on: gas diffusion rate, ethylene production, respiratory rate, internal ethylene concentration, internal CO 2 content, mealiness, and intercellular space. Fruit from the control and sole NAA treatments had the highest mealiness occurrence. Growth regulators significantly changed the gaseous diffusion through the pulp of 'Brookfield' apple, mainly in the treatment AVG + ABS, which kept the highest gas diffusion rate. NAA spraying in the field, with or without another growth regulator, increased ripening metabolism by rising ethylene production and respiration rate, and reduced gas diffusion during shelf life. AVG spraying cannot avoid the ethephon effect during the ripening process, and reduces both the internal space and mealiness incidence, but it is not able to induce ethylene production or to increase respiration rates.Index terms: Malus domestica, aminoethoxyvinylglycine, ethylene absorption, fruit quality, 1-methylcyclopropene. Efeito de reguladores de crescimento na difusão de gases e no metabolismo de maçãs 'Brookfield' em armazenamento em atmosfera controladaResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de reguladores de crescimento na difusão de gases e no metabolismo de maçãs 'Brookfield', e determinar sua correlação com características dos frutos armazenados em atmosfera controlada. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Após oito meses de armazenamento, os efeitos de água (controle), aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG), AVG + ethephon, AVG + ácido naftalenoacético (ANA), ethephon + ANA, somente ANA, 1-MCP, absorção de etileno por permanganato de potássio (ABS), AVG + ABS, e de AVG + 1-MCP -aplicados em diferentes doses e épocas -foram avaliados sobre: taxa de difusão de gases, produção de etileno, taxa respiratória, concentração interna de etileno, concentração interna de CO 2 , polpa farinácea e espaço interno. Frutos dos tratamentos controle e ANA sozinha apresentaram a maior ocorrência de polpa farinácea. Os reguladores de crescimento modificaram significativamente a difusão gasosa pela polpa de maçãs 'Brookfield', principalmente no tratamento AVG + ABS, que manteve a maior taxa de difusão de gases. A aplicação de ANA no campo, com ou sem outro regulador de crescimento, acelerou o metabolismo de amadurecimento, pelo aumento na produção de etileno e na taxa respiratória, e reduziu a difusão de gases durante a vida de prateleira. Ap...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of growth regulators on 'Brookfield' apple gas diffusion and metabolism under controlled atmosphere storage

Brackmann

Thewes

Anese

et al. 2014

Pesq. agropec. bras.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fruits treated with AVG, AVG + 1-MCP and AVG + ABS had the highest gas diffusion rate throughout the apple pulp. The higher gas diffusion of these fruits is a result of the higher cell wall integrity, once the gas diffuses through the intercellular spaces formed by the cell wall (Schotsmans et al, 2004;Verboven et al, 2007). One of the main problems during apple storage is the incidence of physiological disorders, such as mealiness.…”

Section: Quality Analysis After 8 Months Of Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine: isolated and combined with other growth regulators on quality of ‘Brookfield’ apples after storage

Brackmann

Thewes

Anese

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Growth regulators are used in the production of apples worldwide, especially to extend the harvest period and maintain postharvest quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of applying aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) in isolation as well as in combination with other growth regulators and postharvest techniques on the harvest quality and storage potential of 'Brookfield' apples (Malus domestica), a 'Gala' strain. Fruit receiving AVG only had the highest starch content and the highest titratable acidity at harvest. After 8 months of storage, the AVG + 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) and AVG + ABS (ethylene absorption) conserved higher flesh firmness than to all the other treatments. Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) application induced ACC oxidase enzyme activity at harvest, but not after storage. AVG application, with or without the aid of another technique, did not decrease the red skin color of 'Brookfield' apples. Low mealiness and a high healthy fruit percentage was obtained when the fruits were submitted to pre-harvest AVG application combined with NAA, 1-MCP and ABS. Internal carbon dioxide had an inverse correlation with the quantity of healthy fruit and was directly correlated with mealiness.Keywords: Malus domestica, postharvest quality, skin color, ethephon, naphthaleneacetic acid IntroductionThe application of growth regulators is necessary either to advance or to delay the fruit harvest in the field, due to the short period that fruit remains naturally at the correct maturation stage. Besides the short harvest period, another problem is that the harvest is carried out manually and requires a lot of time and manual labor. Thus, growth regulators are frequently used in the orchards.The main growth regulator applied in the field is aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) which is used to delay the harvest in order to avoid pre-harvest fruit drop (McFadyen et al., 2012;Yildiz et al., 2012). AVG blinds the active site of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) synthase enzyme and inhibits ethylene production and maturation events initiated by this plant hormone (Yu and Yang, 1979;Huai et al., 2001). Despite the benefits promoted by AVG application, it decreases the red skin color of 'Gala' apples (Malus domestica) (Steffens et al., 2006). However, this reduction of red skin color has not yet been proven in 'Gala' mutants.Another growth regulator used extensively is ethephon, mainly to advance the fruit harvest. Its application allows for an early harvest of the fruit, and also increases the red color of fruit skin Steffens et al., 2006;Ban et al., 2007). However, ethephon application may decrease organoleptic quality and decrease the storage potential of fruit after harvest, especially in terms of declines in flesh firmness (Steffens et al., 2006;Ban et al., 2007). As well as the application of ethephon, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) is also used during apple production. Its application reduces pre-harvest fruit drop in apples (Yuan and Carbaugh, 2007; Unrath et al., 2009), oranges (Zur and Goren, 1977) ...

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“…Later on, Verboven et al (2008) used high-resolution phase tomography (making use of synchrotron radiation) to explore the 3-D structure and cellular arrangements of pome fruit tissues in their natural state (i.e., with high water content) up to sub-micrometer resolution. For this study, pome fruits like; apple and pear were selected because their gas exchange properties have been shown to be very different and closely related to their storage lives (Schotsmans et al 2004;Ho et al 2006a, b;Franck et al 2007;Ho et al 2008). Results obtained by Verboven et al (2008) revealed very clearly that the apple fruit had more voids than pear.…”

Section: Gaseous Exchange and Factors Affecting The Composition Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of internal atmosphere on fruit ripening and storability—a review

2011

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Concentrations of different gases and volatiles present or produced inside a fruit are determined by the permeability of the fruit tissue to these compounds. Primarily, surface morphology and anatomical features of a given fruit determine the degree of permeance across the fruit. Species and varietal variability in surface characteristics and anatomical features therefore influence not only the diffusibility of gases and volatiles across the fruits but also the activity and response of various metabolic and physiological reactions/processes regulated by these compounds. Besides the well-known role of ethylene, gases and volatiles; O 2 , CO 2 , ethanol, acetaldehyde, water vapours, methyl salicylate, methyl jasmonate and nitric oxide (NO) have the potential to regulate the process of ripening individually and also in various interactive ways. Differences in the prevailing internal atmosphere of the fruits may therefore be considered as one of the causes behind the existing varietal variability of fruits in terms of rate of ripening, qualitative changes, firmness, shelf-life, ideal storage requirement, extent of tolerance towards reduced O 2 and/or elevated CO 2 , transpirational loss and susceptibility to various physiological disorders. In this way, internal atmosphere of a fruit (in terms of different gases and volatiles) plays a critical regulatory role in the process of fruit ripening. So, better and holistic understanding of this internal atmosphere along with its exact regulatory role on various aspects of fruit ripening will facilitate the development of more meaningful, refined and effective approaches in postharvest management of fruits. Its applicability, specially for the climacteric fruits, at various stages of the supply chain from growers to consumers would assist in reducing postharvest losses not only in quantity but also in quality.

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The relationship between gas transport properties and the histology of apple

Cited by 84 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of growth regulators on 'Brookfield' apple gas diffusion and metabolism under controlled atmosphere storage

Effect of growth regulators on 'Brookfield' apple gas diffusion and metabolism under controlled atmosphere storage

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine: isolated and combined with other growth regulators on quality of ‘Brookfield’ apples after storage

Role of internal atmosphere on fruit ripening and storability—a review

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