The relationship between fetal tissue chromosomal karyotype and clinical characteristics in patients with spontaneous abortion: a retrospective study

Abstract

Background Abnormal fetal tissue chromosome karyotypes are one of the important pathogenic factors for spontaneous abortion (SA). To analyze the characteristics of fetal tissue chromosomal karyotype in 778 women with a history of SA and its relationship with clinical features. Methods A retrospective study collected maternal age, body mass index (BMI), gestational weeks at miscarriage, the number of previous pregnancy losses and fetal tissue karyotypes CNV-seq data of 778 SA couples from Lanzhou University Second Hospital from October 2019 to December 2023, and described the characteristics of fetal tissue chromosomal karyotype and its relationship with clinical features. Results In our study, 432 patients (55.53% of total) had abnormal fetal tissue chromosomal karyotypes, with the highest incidence being trisomy syndrome (46.99%,203/432). Advanced maternal age(>35 years), early pregnancy(<12 weeks), and a history of less than four previous pregnancy losses were all identified as risk factors for fetal tissue chromosomal abnormalities. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that fetal tissue chromosomal abnormalities are the primary factor leading to SA. Additionally, advanced maternal age(>35years), early pregnancy(<12 weeks=, and the fewer number of previous pregnancy losses(≤ 4 times) are associated with a higher risk of fetal tissue chromosomal abnormalities following miscarriage.