The Relationship Between Experienced Discrimination and Pronociceptive Processes in Native Americans: Results From the Oklahoma Study of Native American Pain Risk

Psychosocial and cardiometabolic predictors of chronic pain onset in Native Americans: serial mediation analyses of 2-year prospective data from the Oklahoma Study of Native American Pain Risk

“…1). For example, trauma exposure, 54,95 discrimination, 43 pain-related anxiety, 82 situational pain catastrophizing, 107 and cardiometabolic factors (BMI, BP, and heart rate variability [HRV]) 56,83,106 are associated with electrophysiological markers of central sensitization (CS; assessed by temporal summation of nociceptive flexion reflex [TS-NFR]) and/or impaired descending inhibition of spinal nociception (DISN; assessed by NFR inhibition during conditioned pain modulation [CPM-NFR]). Some factors (eg, pain-related anxiety, catastrophizing, or cardiometabolic factors) even provide significant indirect (mediated) paths linking NAs to CS and/or DISN.…”

“…The first tested whether adversity (trauma exposure and discrimination), cognitiveaffective factors (stress, pain-related anxiety, and catastrophizing), and pronociceptive processes (TS-NFR and CPM-NFR) mediated chronic pain onset in NAs. 43,48,54,82,95,107 The second tested whether cardiometabolic factors and pronociceptive processes were mediators. 83…”

Risk Factors Analysis of Phantom Limb Pain in Amputees with Malignant Tumors

“…Possible reasons for the discrepancy between our study and the literature may be: subjects of this study are Chinese, while most of the previous literature were mainly white populations or black populations, and multiple biological, social, and psychological mechanisms may contribute to the difference in incidence. [31][32][33] Second, our study was retrospective and therefore relied on complete medical records and patient or family memory. Some patients may forget about mild PLP after amputation.…”