The Relationship between Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from Central Asia

Abstract

This article aims to explore the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions of five Central Asian countries between 1998 and 2017. We found that per capita energy consumption has a positive relationship with per capita GDP, while per capita CO2 emissions negatively affect per capita GDP in Central Asia. Further, per capita GDP has a negative impact on per capita energy consumption in the region. Results reflect that the economic growth of Central Asian countries still heavily depends upon energy consumption. However, CO2 emissions in this region should be reduced because it has been defined as a determinant leading to a decrease in economic growth. In the short run, we also found that there is a directional relationship running from per capita GDP to per capita energy consumption and per capita CO2 emissions; and from per capita energy consumption to per capita GDP. Results show that there is a co-integration among variables in the long run. Finally, policies are recommended to enhance economic growth and achieve sustainable development in Central Asia.

Renewable Energy Consumption, Trade Openness, and Environmental Degradation: A Panel Data Analysis of Developing and Developed Countries

“…e preceding literature also shows the relationship of energy consumption, renewable energy consumption, and carbon emission. For instance, [28] have explored the determinants of carbon emission in developing countries where their results illustrate that economic growth and energy consumption are affecting carbon emission positively in South East Asia. ey further state that carbon emission is higher in Indonesia and Vietnam than other countries in the region.…”

The Impact of CO2 Emissions on the GDP per Capita, Employment Rate and Energy Consumption of China, Korea and Japan

“…If there is an increase in economic growth then there is a decrease in employment. Contrary to the study of Nguyen (2019) stating that CO2 emissions have negative impact on economic growth and CO2 emissions should be reduced because it has been defined as a determinant leading to a decrease in economic growth. Table 3 shows the cointegration results for Japan indicating that the variables are cointegrated in the long-run.…”

“…Economic growth was supported in Singapore and Thailand for the long run which supports the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Ejuvbekpokpo (2014), Kasperowicz (2015) and Nguyen (2019) revealed that CO2 emissions have negative impact on economic growth. CO2 emissions should be reduced because it has been defined as a determinant leading to a decrease in economic growth.…”

The production of valuable products and fuel from plastic waste in Africa

“…The unconventional approach of processing plastic waste at incineration and landfill sites is no longer sustainable [5]. This is due to the high emissions of toxic gases, including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), into the atmosphere, thereby increasing global temperatures and climatic conditions [6].…”

“…It is further estimated that the importation of plastics to the continent would likely double in the next five years, contributing to the rise in world's temperature significantly [4]. World's temperature is also projected to increase from 1.5 to 3 °C with a corresponding impact on food insecurity, water supply, inequality, and poverty [5].…”