The Relationship Between Design Outcomes and Mental States During Ideation

Hu, Wan-Lin; Booth, Joran W.; Reid, Tahira

doi:10.1115/1.4036131

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…We expected participants’ emotions to be positive when the visualization depicted positive things happening, for example, community immunity being achieved and protecting community members, and to be negative when the visualization depicted negative things happening, for example, an infection spreading in the community. We used EEG to assess participants’ cognitive workload and engagement while looking at the information provided in the visualization [ 37 ]. We aimed for participants to experience higher engagement when interacting with the visualization without exceeding a cognitive load threshold above which they might be less likely to process new information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Web Application About Herd Immunity Using Personalized Avatars: Development Study

Hakim¹,

Bettinger²,

Chambers³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

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Background Herd immunity or community immunity refers to the reduced risk of infection among susceptible individuals in a population through the presence and proximity of immune individuals. Recent studies suggest that improving the understanding of community immunity may increase intentions to get vaccinated. Objective This study aims to design a web application about community immunity and optimize it based on users’ cognitive and emotional responses. Methods Our multidisciplinary team developed a web application about community immunity to communicate epidemiological evidence in a personalized way. In our application, people build their own community by creating an avatar representing themselves and 8 other avatars representing people around them, for example, their family or coworkers. The application integrates these avatars in a 2-min visualization showing how different parameters (eg, vaccine coverage, and contact within communities) influence community immunity. We predefined communication goals, created prototype visualizations, and tested four iterative versions of our visualization in a university-based human-computer interaction laboratory and community-based settings (a cafeteria, two shopping malls, and a public library). Data included psychophysiological measures (eye tracking, galvanic skin response, facial emotion recognition, and electroencephalogram) to assess participants’ cognitive and affective responses to the visualization and verbal feedback to assess their interpretations of the visualization’s content and messaging. Results Among 110 participants across all four cycles, 68 (61.8%) were women and 38 (34.5%) were men (4/110, 3.6%; not reported), with a mean age of 38 (SD 17) years. More than half (65/110, 59.0%) of participants reported having a university-level education. Iterative changes across the cycles included adding the ability for users to create their own avatars, specific signals about who was represented by the different avatars, using color and movement to indicate protection or lack of protection from infectious disease, and changes to terminology to ensure clarity for people with varying educational backgrounds. Overall, we observed 3 generalizable findings. First, visualization does indeed appear to be a promising medium for conveying what community immunity is and how it works. Second, by involving multiple users in an iterative design process, it is possible to create a short and simple visualization that clearly conveys a complex topic. Finally, evaluating users’ emotional responses during the design process, in addition to their cognitive responses, offers insights that help inform the final design of an intervention. Conclusions Visualization with personalized avatars may help people understand their individual roles in population health. Our app showed promise as a method of communicating the relationship between individual behavior and community health. The next steps will include assessing the effects of the application on risk perception, knowledge, and vaccination intentions in a randomized controlled trial. This study offers a potential road map for designing health communication materials for complex topics such as community immunity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Web Application About Herd Immunity Using Personalized Avatars: Development Study

Hakim¹,

Bettinger²,

Chambers³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ulrich (1981) examined EEG and heart rate data to study perceptions of urban and rural environments [18]. Hu et al (2017) used EEG to predict design outcomes while establishing a basis for the connection between EEG measurements and common constructs in engineering design research [19]. Their findings reveal that cognitive engagement is correlated with design outcome.…”

Section: Use Of Eeg In the Study Of The Built Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Built Environment Evaluation in Virtual Reality Environments—A Cognitive Neuroscience Approach

Roberts

2020

Urban Science

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To date, the predominant tools for the evaluation of built environment quality and impact have been surveys, scorecards, or verbal comments—approaches that rely upon user-reported responses. The goal of this research project is to develop, test, and validate a data-driven approach for built environment quality evaluation/validation based upon measurement of real-time emotional responses to simulated environments. This paper presents an experiment that was conducted by combining an immersive virtual environment (virtual reality) and electroencephalogram (EEG) as a tool to evaluate Pre and Post Purple Line development. More precisely, the objective was to (a) develop a data-driven approach for built environment quality evaluation and (b) understand the correlation between the built environment characters and emotional state. The preliminary validation of the proposed evaluation method identified discrepancies between traditional evaluation results and emotion response indications through EEG signals. The validation and findings have laid a foundation for further investigation of relations between people’s general cognitive and emotional responses in evaluating built environment quality and characters.

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“…We expected participants' emotions to be positive when the visualization depicted positive things happening; for example, community immunity being achieved and therefore protecting community members, and to be negative when the visualization depicted negative things happening; for example, an infection spreading in the community. We used EEG to assess participants' cognitive workload and engagement while looking at the information provided in the visualization [37]. We aimed for participants to experience higher engagement when interacting with the visualization without exceeding a cognitive load threshold above which they might be less likely to process new information.…”

Section: Psychophysiological Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Web Application About Herd Immunity Using Personalized Avatars: Development Study

Hakim¹,

Bettinger²,

Chambers³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: ‘Herd immunity’ or ‘community immunity’ refers to the reduced risk of infection among susceptible individuals in a population through the presence and proximity of immune individuals. Recent studies suggest that improving understanding of community immunity may increase intentions to get vaccinated.Objective: We aimed to design a web application about community immunity and optimize it based on viewers’ cognitive and emotional responses.Methods: Our multidisciplinary team developed a web application about community immunity to communicate epidemiological evidence in a personalized way. In our application, people build their own community by creating an avatar representing themselves and 8 other avatars representing people around them; for example, their family or coworkers. The application integrates these avatars in a 2-minute visualization showing how different parameters (e.g., vaccine coverage, contact within communities) influence community immunity. We predefined communication goals, created prototype visualizations, and tested four iterative versions of our visualization in a university-based human-computer interaction laboratory and community-based settings (a cafeteria, two shopping malls, a public library.) Data included psychophysiological measures (eye tracking, galvanic skin response, facial emotion recognition, electroencephalogram) to assess participants’ cognitive and affective (emotional) responses to the visualization, and verbal reports to assess their interpretations of the visualization’s content and messaging.Results and analysis: Participants across all four cycles (N=110 in total) were 62% women and 35% men (4% not reported), with mean age 38 years (SD 17). Fifty-nine percent of participants reported having a university-level education. Iterative changes across the cycles included adding the ability for users to create their own avatars, specific signals about who was represented by the different avatars, using colour and movement to indicate protection or lack of protection from infectious disease, and changes to terminology to ensure clarity for people with varying educational backgrounds. Overall, we observed 3 generalizable findings. First, visualization does indeed appear to be a promising medium for conveying what community immunity is and how it works. Second, by involving multiple users in an iterative design process, it is possible to create a short and simple visualization that clearly conveys a complex topic. Third and finally, evaluating users’ emotional responses during the design process, in addition to their cognitive responses, offers insights and findings that help inform the final design of an intervention. Conclusions: Visualizations with personalized avatars may help people understand their individual roles in population health. Our application showed promise as a method of communicating the relationship between individual behaviour and community health. Next steps will include assessing the effects of the application on risk perception, knowledge, and vaccination intentions in a randomized controlled trial. This study offers a potential roadmap for designing health communication materials for complex topics such as community immunity.

show abstract

The Relationship Between Design Outcomes and Mental States During Ideation

Cited by 12 publications

References 66 publications

A Web Application About Herd Immunity Using Personalized Avatars: Development Study

A Web Application About Herd Immunity Using Personalized Avatars: Development Study

Built Environment Evaluation in Virtual Reality Environments—A Cognitive Neuroscience Approach

A Web Application About Herd Immunity Using Personalized Avatars: Development Study

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