The Relationship Between Crack-Tip Strain and Subcritical Cracking Thresholds for Steels in High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas

Nibur, Kevin A.; Somerday, Brian P.; Marchi, Chris San; Foulk, James W.; Dadfarnia, Mohsen; Sofronis, Petros

doi:10.1007/s11661-012-1400-5

Cited by 73 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…There has been progress in our understanding of mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement in the crack tip process zone [5] but not sufficient to allow development of robust models for predicting crack growth rates and how they are affected by variables such as loading frequency, load ratios, hydrogen pressure, gaseous impurities, temperature, and material variability. This need has been partially met by empirical studies conducted by Sandia National Laboratory and by Japanese and European research programs [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour of High Strength Ferritic Steels in High Pressure Hydrogen

Saxena

Nibur

2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. The design of safe and low-cost, high-pressure hydrogen storage systems are a critical need for harnessing clean power but must consider the propensity of hydrogen to accelerate fatigue crack growth rates in the construction materials. Design of safe pressure vessels needs robust models for predicting crack growth rates and how they are affected by variables such as loading frequency, load ratios, hydrogen pressure, gaseous impurities, temperature, and material variability. In this study, fatigue crack growth rates were measured in the liner material in 10 MPa gaseous hydrogen at various load ratios, R, in the range -1 ≤ R ≤ 0.2. The effects of varying loading frequency were investigated, and the results were pooled with those from literature for similar alloys tested in 103 MPa gaseous hydrogen pressure. The differences in crack growth rates between H2 pressures of 10 to 103 MPa as well as the effects of frequency on the environment assisted crack growth rates were assessed. Loading frequency effects tend to saturate at frequencies of 1 Hz and less. H2 pressure effects appear to saturate at pressures of 45MPa, while load ratio effects are not significant for −1 ≤ ≤ 0.2 but become important for R ≥0.2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour of High Strength Ferritic Steels in High Pressure Hydrogen

Saxena

Nibur

2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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“…Specifically, the work by Nibur et al built on the HELP mechanism that contends that H will lowers the dislocation-dislocation interaction energy, thus increases localized dislocation mobility and enables an enhancement of the plastic damage evolution for a given applied loading state [82]. Using a variety of experimental set-ups, this work demonstrated that concurrent loading (thus plasticity evolution) and H2 environmental exposure, caused a drastic increase in the susceptibility to the HE phenomenon.…”

Section: Concurrent Plasticity and H Uptakementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Critical research investigating HE of low alloy pressure vessel steels in H-gas environments offers a mechanistic paradigm in which to analyzed the observed dependence of da/dtend on the dK/dt [82]. Specifically, the work by Nibur et al built on the HELP mechanism that contends that H will lowers the dislocation-dislocation interaction energy, thus increases localized dislocation mobility and enables an enhancement of the plastic damage evolution for a given applied loading state [82].…”

Section: Concurrent Plasticity and H Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This behavior suggests that when the mechanical loading and H-uptake occur independently the plastic damage state that evolves is not influenced by the effects of H. For example, in a sample that is pre-strained then exposed to an H-producing environment, the plastic damage was already set without the contribution of the HELP mechanism and thus the subsequent introduction of H was not observed to enhance the susceptibility. Critically, such a change in dislocation damage structure could impact the failure process through (1) the coupled HELP-HEDE mechanism where the enhanced dislocation structure results in increased local hardening, thus higher levels of local stress that promotes HEDE, or (2) the plasticity-related hydrogen induced cracking (PRHIC) phenomenon where the V SCE crack advance is governed by the exceedance of a critical value of crack tip plastic strain [82], [83].…”

Section: Concurrent Plasticity and H Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This behavior can be rationalized in the context of the failure criteria associated with either the PRHIC or the coupled HELP-HEDE mechanism. For the PRHIC mechanism crack extension will occur when the equivalent plastic shear strain exceeds some critical value [82]. For a fixed K, the size of the relevant local plastic damage parameters will be constant regardless of dK/dt.…”

Section: Concurrent Plasticity and H Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

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Loading Rate Effects on the Hydrogen Enhanced Cracking Behavior of Ni- and Co-based Superalloys for Marine Applications

Popernack¹

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Marine fastener alloys can be susceptible to hydrogen environmentally assisted cracking (HEAC) in cathodically polarized seawater environments [1]- [3]. Understanding the controlling mechanisms of HEAC is critical to developing accurate predictive models for structural management of these material systems. Prior work has demonstrated that there is a potentially strong influence of loading rate on the HEAC susceptibility in environments pertinent to engineering applications [4]. The current work uses linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) based testing to characterize the stress intensity rate (dK/dt) dependence of HEAC behavior for Monel K-500 (Ni-based superalloy) and MP98t (Co-based superalloy) in cathodically polarized solutions. This work has been divided into three tasks to rigorously analyze the material behavior.

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Influences of Quenching Temperature on the Microstructure Evolution and Strength−Toughness of a Novel Medium‐Carbon Ti−Mo‐Bearing Martensite Steel

Guan

Yuan

Yuan³

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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High-strength steels have attracted much attention in recent decades due to their positive roles in energy conservation, emission reduction, and cost reduction in the global setting. [1,2] Numerous methods have been adopted to improve the strength of steels. For example, microalloyed steels, individually or associatedly alloyed with Nb, V, and Ti, manifest better mechanical properties than other plain carbon steels. [3][4][5] The super-bainite steel proposed by Bhadeshia and coworkers [6,7] exhibits commendable properties due to the presence of nanoscale bainite structure and retained austenite. In addition, numerous works have been conducted on ultrafine-grain (UFG) steels consisting of microÀnanometer ferrite/austenite grains. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Especially, martensite steels are found to be promising due to their very high strength; however, the unsatisfactory toughness limits their commercial applications. [15,16] To improve the properties of martensite steels, secondary-hardening martensite steel, maraging steel, medium-carbon low-alloy martensite steel, and bainite/martensite duplex-phase high-strength steels have been successively proposed. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Kown et al. [17] prepared a new type of secondary-hardening martensite steel (0.24CÀ3.13WÀ3.07CrÀ14.18CoÀ9.83Ni) with a hardness of 55 HRC and room-temperature impact energy of <30 J. Mooney et al. [18] and Casalino et al. [19] both developed maraging steels with different Ti additions. The tensile strength was substantially improved to about 1200 MPa accomplished by a common failure elongation. Liu and coworkers [20] fabricated a novel ultrahigh-strength martensite steel with a strength of 1589À2446 MPa by quenching and tempering; however, the increased strength sacrificed the ductility of the steel. Multifarious schemes have been adopted to improve the toughness of martensite steels; unfortunately, the improvement of toughness is often accompanied by the sacrifice in strength.Very few studies reported the improved mechanical properties of medium-carbon martensite steel by simultaneous addition of Ti and Mo. In the present study, a novel TiÀMo-bearing martensite steel was developed by thermoÀmechanical control process (TMCP) and subsequent quenching and tempering (QÀT) process to optimize the strength and toughness of high-strength martensite steels. It is well known that the design of quenching temperature is crucial for the final service life of the low-alloy high-strength steels compared with isothermal holding time. A lower quenching temperature will result in an incomplete austenization for the martensite steel, whereas a higher quenching temperature leads to coarse austenite grains and deteriorates the combination property of the high-strength TiÀMo-bearing

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The Relationship Between Crack-Tip Strain and Subcritical Cracking Thresholds for Steels in High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas

Cited by 73 publications

References 62 publications

Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour of High Strength Ferritic Steels in High Pressure Hydrogen

Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour of High Strength Ferritic Steels in High Pressure Hydrogen

Loading Rate Effects on the Hydrogen Enhanced Cracking Behavior of Ni- and Co-based Superalloys for Marine Applications

Influences of Quenching Temperature on the Microstructure Evolution and Strength−Toughness of a Novel Medium‐Carbon Ti−Mo‐Bearing Martensite Steel

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