The Relationship Between Constitutive Pigmentation and Sensitivity to Ultraviolet Radiation Induced Erythema is Dose–Dependent

Ha, Thomas; Javedan, Houman; Waterston, Karen; Naysmith, Lisa; Rees, Jonathan

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0749.2003.00076.x

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Within-person pigmentary differences explain some site variation in UVR-induced erythema Pigmentary differences between people are a major determinant of erythemal responses (Wagner et al, 2002;Ha et al, 2003). In order to examine whether pigmentary differences at different body sites explain some of the variation in UVR sensitivity at different body sites, we related erythema (reflectance) to melanin index (MI) at the various sites examined for the highest dose (300 mJ per cm 2 ).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide, people vary by at least one to two orders of magnitude in their sensitivity to UVR measured as erythema following a single exposure. Even within Northern European populations, a 4-5-fold variation occurs Ha et al, 2003). The differences following repeated exposures have been poorly studied, but it seems reasonable to assume that they are also large as it is widely accepted that people tan to different degrees and at different rates.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Physiological Variation in the Erythemal Response to Ultraviolet Radiation and Photoadaptation

Waterston

Naysmith

Rees

2004

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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We have studied the cutaneous response to ultraviolet radiation, measured objectively as erythema in a sample of 12 body sites on 15 Northern European subjects with multiple doses of ultraviolet B (UVB). Skin pigmentation and the development of photoadaptation in response to five repeated doses of irradiation at three body sites was also measured. We report striking differences of up to 5-fold at different body sites to the same challenge dose (p < 0.001) and demonstrate that for this population, site variation is just as important as between-person variation. Skin color at each body site is a strong predictor of response (p < 0.001) and that this cannot be attributed to vascular differences, but instead we believe it reflects site-specific variations in melanin pigmentation. We also observed similar but smaller within-person effects for responses to another inflammatory agent, dithranol (p < 0.01). Despite this, we did not find evidence for differences in the development of photoadaptation by body site. These results have clear clinical implications for the practice of phototesting prior to commencing phototherapy, for therapeutic failure in sites such as the legs in patients with psoriasis, and perhaps for melanoma body-site distribution.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 97%

Physiological Variation in the Erythemal Response to Ultraviolet Radiation and Photoadaptation

Waterston

Naysmith

Rees

2004

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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“…The incidence and extent of these detrimental effects is largely dependent on the degree of constitutive pigmentation of the skin. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Human skin colour is determined by the total quantity of melanin, the proportion between the brown-black eumelanin and the yellow-red pheomelanin, and its distribution through the epidermis. [7][8][9] The type and amount of melanin is under the control of several genes with a great number of alleles, resulting in wide variations of skin colours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in skin colour and the biological consequences of ultraviolet radiation exposure

2013

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SummaryHarmful consequences of sun exposure range from sunburn, photoageing and pigmentary disorders to skin cancer. The incidence and extent of these detrimental effects are largely due to the degree of constitutive pigmentation of the skin. The latter can be objectively classified according to the individual typology angle (°ITA) based on colorimetric parameters. The physiological relevance of the ITA colorimetric classification was assessed in 3500 women living in various geographical areas. Furthermore, in order to understand the relationship between constitutive pigmentation and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensitivity, we worked on ex vivo human skin samples of different colour exposed to increasing UVR doses. For each sample we defined the biologically efficient dose (BED), based on the induction of sunburn cells, and analysed UVR-induced DNA damage (cyclobutane thymine dimers, CPD). We found a significant correlation between ITA and BED. We also found a correlation between ITA and DNA damage. As the epidermal basal layer also hosts melanocytes and in order to analyse the relationship between skin colour and DNA damage occurring specifically within this cell type, we performed double staining for CPD and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP) 1, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis. We found that DNA damage within melanocytes depends on ITA. Taken together our results may explain the higher risk of lighter skin types developing skin cancers, including melanoma, as well as the development of pigmentary disorders in moderately pigmented skin. They show that skin classification based on ITA is physiologically relevant (as it correlates with constitutive pigmentation) and further support the concept of a more personalized approach to photoprotection that corresponds to a particular skin colour type's sensitivity to solar UVR.What's already known about this topic?• Sun exposure sensitivity is largely dependent on the degree of skin constitutive pigmentation.What does this study add?• The individual typology angle (ITA)-based skin colour classification correlates with constitutive pigmentation and is physiologically relevant in different geographical areas.• It may help identify differential responses to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure that correspond to particular skin colour type's UVR sensitivities.• It supports the concept of personalized photoprotection.Harmful consequences of sun exposure range from sunburn, photoageing and pigmentary disorders to skin cancer. The incidence and extent of these detrimental effects is largely dependent on the degree of constitutive pigmentation of the skin.1-6 Human skin colour is determined by the total quantity of melanin, the proportion between the brown-black eumelanin

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“…The EI value reflects redness due to hemoglobin, and can be used to indicate the degree of erythema (increased blood flow) [21] . However, as pointed out by Stamatas et al [14] , melanin pigment principally gives a positive EI value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa Are Correlated with Skin Colors in Hemodialysis Patients but Not in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

et al. 2009

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Background: Diffuse hyperpigmentation is common in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). We previously reported that serum levels of 5-S-cysteinyldopa (5SCD, a pheomelanin precursor) and pheomelanin were significantly elevated in HD patients. Methods: Skin color was assessed using a Mexameter that measures the melanin index (MI) and the erythema index (EI). The upper inner arms (non-sun-exposed site) and the foreheads (sun-exposed site) of HD and PD patients and control subjects were analyzed. Results: MI values on the upper inner arms and on the foreheads of HD and PD patients were significantly higher than in controls. In HD patients, significant correlations were found for serum 5SCD levels with MI and EI on the upper inner arm, and for EI on the forehead. In PD patients, no such correlations were found. Conclusions: Hyperpigmentation in HD patients results partly from accumulation of pheomelanin in the skin.

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The Relationship Between Constitutive Pigmentation and Sensitivity to Ultraviolet Radiation Induced Erythema is Dose–Dependent

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Physiological Variation in the Erythemal Response to Ultraviolet Radiation and Photoadaptation

Physiological Variation in the Erythemal Response to Ultraviolet Radiation and Photoadaptation

Variations in skin colour and the biological consequences of ultraviolet radiation exposure

Serum Levels of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa Are Correlated with Skin Colors in Hemodialysis Patients but Not in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

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