The relationship between concentration and time in the toxicity of phosphine to adults of a resistant strain of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Winks, R.G.; Waterford, C. J.

doi:10.1016/0022-474x(86)90024-x

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…PH 3 was generated in a collection tube containing aluminium phosphide introduced into a solution of sulphuric acid (5%). PH 3 concentration was determined with gas chromatography using a thermal conductivity detector with nitrogen (N 2 ) as the standard (Winks and Waterford, 1986).…”

Section: Fumigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphine resistance in India is characterised by a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase variant that is otherwise unobserved in eukaryotes

et al. 2015

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Phosphine (PH 3 ) fumigation is the primary method worldwide for controlling insect pests of stored commodities. Over-reliance on phosphine, however, has led to the emergence of strong resistance. Detailed genetic studies previously identified two loci, rph1 and rph2, that interact synergistically to create a strong resistance phenotype. We compared the genetics of phosphine resistance in strains of Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum from India and Australia, countries having similar pest species but widely differing in pest management practices. Sequencing analysis of the rph2 locus, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dld), identified two structurally equivalent variants, Proline494Serine (P49S) in one R. dominica strain and P45S in three strains of T. castaneum from India. These variants of the DLD protein likely affect FAD cofactor interaction with the enzyme. A survey of insects from storage facilities across southern India revealed that the P45/49S variant is distributed throughout the region at very high frequencies, in up to 94% of R. dominica and 97% of T. castaneum in the state of Tamil Nadu. The abundance of the P45/49S variant in insect populations contrasted sharply with the evolutionary record in which the variant was absent from eukaryotic DLD sequences. This suggests that the variant is unlikely to provide a strong selective advantage in the absence of phosphine fumigation.

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Section: Fumigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphine resistance in India is characterised by a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase variant that is otherwise unobserved in eukaryotes

et al. 2015

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“…Thus, we cannot yet make any salient suggestions on choice of exposure method for these types of compounds. Testing for resistance to fumigants also poses special problems, as discussed by Winks (1986a,b) and Winks and Waterford (1986).…”

Section: Choice Of Exposure Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Resistance Detection and Documentation: The Relative Roles of Pesticidal and Biochemical Assays

ffrench‐Constant¹,

Roush²

1990

Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods

134

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“…Purity of phosphine was determined by a Clarus ® 580 gas chromatograph (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA) using a thermal conductivity detector with nitrogen as the standard (Winks and Waterford, 1986). Mortality response to phosphine of the tested strains was measured against a range of phosphine concentrations i.e.…”

Section: Insect Response To Phosphinementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of phosphine resistance in the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Nguyen¹

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The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) is a cosmopolitan insect pest that can cause severe damage to stored grain with regard to both quality (loss of nutritional and aesthetic value) and quantity (loss of grain weight). Heavy reliance on the fumigant phosphine to disinfest stored products has led to resistance to phosphine in many insect species including S. oryzae. The frequency and level of phosphine resistance in S. oryzae has increased in the last fifty years in Asian and Africa countries and recently in Australia as well. A strongly phosphine resistant strain of S. oryzae was first detected in 2009 in Australia. I have determined the strong resistance trait in this strain to be incompletely recessive, autosomal and controlled by at least two major genes. The weakly resistant Australian strain shares a common resistance factor with the strongly resistant strain (So_rph1), which is responsible for weak resistance. I also compared the resistance trait of the Australian strain to that of collected from Vietnam and China. Complementation analysis revealed a shared genetic mechanism of phosphine resistance between the three strains that I tested.I then identified and sequenced the genes conferring phosphine resistance in this species.This process began with simply sequencing transcripts of the two genes known to be responsible for phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum (rph1/tc_rph1 and rph2/tc_rph2). rph2/tc_rph2 had been published and was known to encode the metabolic enzyme, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD). Variants of DLD (So_rph2) also cause strong resistance in S. oryzae when interacting with resistance variants of So_rph1. Therefore, rph2/DLD is responsible for strong resistance in each of the three species. A specific substitution mutation (N505T) in DLD is likely responsible for phosphine resistance as it is found in all strongly resistant strains of S. oryzae from Australia, Vietnam and China. A fitness cost associated with the resistance allele of So_rph2 was observed in the absence of selection in populations derive from the F 1 progeny between a strongly resistant strain and strains lacking a resistance allele at So_rph2.As DLD is one of three subunits (E1, E2, E3) of α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes, Ihypothesized that suppression of the activity of subunits other than DLD might also result in resistance to phosphine. Thiamine pyrophosphate is critical cofactor of the E1 subunit and is required by very few other enzymes. I reasoned that insects cultured on a diet of white rice, which is deficient in thiamine, would experience inhibition of the activity of E1. I expected to observe the change in response to phosphine in both the susceptible and ii resistance strains of S. oryzae when fed on white rice diet compared with the thiamine containing diet of whole grain (brown rice or whole wheat). Against my expectation, I found no significant affect of a thiamine deficient diet toward phosphine resistance in S. oryzae.A diet of white rice, however, did ...

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The relationship between concentration and time in the toxicity of phosphine to adults of a resistant strain of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Phosphine resistance in India is characterised by a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase variant that is otherwise unobserved in eukaryotes

Phosphine resistance in India is characterised by a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase variant that is otherwise unobserved in eukaryotes

Resistance Detection and Documentation: The Relative Roles of Pesticidal and Biochemical Assays

Genetics of phosphine resistance in the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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