The relationship between climate change and Quaternary glacial cycles on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau: review and speculation

Zheng, Bo; Xu, Qiang; Shen, Yongping

doi:10.1016/s1040-6182(02)00054-x

Cited by 306 publications

(405 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…27), which coincided with the penultimate glaciation (0.13-0.3 million years ago) 31 . The relatively cold climate in this glaciation could potentially have caused isolation of R. bieti and R. strykeri.…”

Section: Genomic Variation and Demographic Historymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Molecular dating estimated that the split of the northern species occurred about 1.60 million years ago, immediately after the initiation of divergence among the four snub-nosed monkeys (1.69 million years ago). These times coincide with the uplift of the Tibetan plateau-Yuanmu movement (~1.6 million years ago)-which helped to create the higher mountains of the Himalayas 31 and might have resulted in the split of the northern and Himalayan species as well as the subsequent separation of R. roxellana and R. brelichi. Divergence within the Himalayan species appears to have begun about 0.3 million years ago, more recently than previously estimated 25 .…”

Section: Genomic Variation and Demographic Historymentioning

confidence: 96%

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Whole-genome sequencing of the snub-nosed monkey provides insights into folivory and evolutionary history

et al. 2014

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Colobines are a unique group of Old World monkeys that principally eat leaves and seeds rather than fruits and insects. We report the sequencing at 146× coverage, de novo assembly and analyses of the genome of a male golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) and resequencing at 30× coverage of three related species (Rhinopithecus bieti, Rhinopithecus brelichi and Rhinopithecus strykeri). Comparative analyses showed that Asian colobines have an enhanced ability to derive energy from fatty acids and to degrade xenobiotics. We found evidence for functional evolution in the colobine RNASE1 gene, encoding a key secretory RNase that digests the high concentrations of bacterial RNA derived from symbiotic microflora. Demographic reconstructions indicated that the profile of ancient effective population sizes for R. roxellana more closely resembles that of giant panda rather than its congeners. These findings offer new insights into the dietary adaptations and evolutionary history of colobine primates.Knowledge of the patterns and processes underlying the evolution of alternative dietary strategies in nonhuman primates is critical to understanding hominin evolution, nutritional ecology and applications in biomedicine 1 . Colobines, a group of Old World monkeys, serve as an important model organism for studying the evolution of the primate diet because of their adaptation to folivory: they primarily eat leaves and seeds rather than fruits and insects as their major food source. In their specialized and compartmentalized stomachs, colobines allow symbiotic bacteria in the foregut to ferment structural carbohydrates and then recover nutrients by digesting the bacteria 2 . This strategy is similar to that used by other foregut fermenters found in an evolutionarily distantly related group of mammals (for example, artiodactyls). Although a number of primate genomes have been sequenced thus far, high-quality genome sequence information is absent for Asian and African colobines, a key group for elucidating the evolution and adaptation of primates as a whole. Snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus species) are a group of endangered colobines, which were once widely distributed in Asia but are now limited to mountain forests in China and Vietnam 3 (Supplementary Fig. 1).The golden snub-nosed monkey (GSM, R. roxellana) is recognized as an iconic endangered species in China for its golden coat, blue facial coloration, snub nose and specialized life history. Among its congeners, the black-white snub-nosed monkey (R. bieti), endemic to the Tibetan plateau, has the highest altitudinal distribution (>4,000 m above sea level) of any nonhuman primate. Given the above features and the fact that Rhinopithecus species consume difficult-to-digest foods that contain tannins (for example, leaves and pine seeds), we expected to identify genetic adaptations that enhance the breakdown of toxins, improve the regulation of energy metabolism and facilitate the digestion of symbiotic microbacteria. RESULTS Genomic sequences and the accumulation of...

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Section: Genomic Variation and Demographic Historymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Genomic Variation and Demographic Historymentioning

confidence: 96%

Whole-genome sequencing of the snub-nosed monkey provides insights into folivory and evolutionary history

et al. 2014

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“…The estimated date of 0.21 MYA for total haplotypes predates the Bulakebashi Valley glacier in the west Kunlun Mountains [29] (0.206 MYA). The estimated date of 0.090 MYA for group A and falls within the last interglacial period in the west Kunlun Mountains [29] (0.07-0.13 MYA).…”

Section: Glacial Refugia and Postglacial Expansionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Being extremely arid, the basin's ecosystem is vulnerable and unstable [23][24][25][26]. During the Quaternary, montane glaciers surrounded the Tarim Basin, but these were absent within the Tarim Basin itself [27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic consequences of postglacial colonization by the endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis) of the arid Tarim Basin

Shan

Liu

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Orogenesis of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which occurred in a stepwise manner, contributed to the extreme aridity of the Tarim Basin, resulting in vulnerable and unstable ecosystems. Quaternary climatic oscillations may have affected the ecosystems and, consequently, the distributions and genetic structuring of the Tarim Basin's biota. We used nucleotide sequence data from 2 mitochondrial (mt) DNA genes (Cyt b and the D-loop) to test hypotheses associated with the matrilineal and demographical histories of the Tarim Basin's endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis). Range-wide sampling involving 20 populations and 224 individuals detected 126 haplotypes that clustered into 5 major lineages in both the phylogenetic tree and median-joining network. Populations from the northern and eastern Tarim Basin shared a similar history, as did those from the western and southern regions. Demographical analysis and genetic diversity estimations suggested that the western and southern regions might have served as glacial refugia for the Yarkand hare during Quaternary climatic oscillations. The distribution of the Yarkand hare, especially in the northern and eastern parts, probably represented 3 postglacial colonization events, dated to 0.21, 0.090 and 0.054 MYA, which corresponded to known interglacial periods. Given the relatively complete geographic isolation between the eastern and southern populations, the Yarkand hare likely dispersed during postglacial periods from the southwest to the north, and then onward to the east. The absence of water likely forced the species into refugia, and this differed from other Pleistocene biogeographical drivers. The demographical and historical patterns have important implications for conservation. Chinese Sci Bull, 2011, 56: 1370−1382, doi: 10.1007 Pleistocene climatic changes imposed significant range shifts on many Palearctic biota, and contributed to their demographic history and genetic diversity [1]. Many temperate species existed only in refugia at times of glacial maxima, and recolonized or expanded into newly available habitats during interglacial periods [2,3]. Quaternary evolutionary histories of European and North American biota *These authors contributed equally to this work †Corresponding authors

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“…Unlike the long and sustained growth of A. mantzorum, A. kangtingensis, A. jinjiangensis, and A. lifanensis had more recent expansion in the last 10,000-20,000 years. The LGM in the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau occurred at 16,000-32,000 years ago (Zheng et al, 2002), and substantial population growth of these three species appears to follow the retreat of the LGM (Fig. 8).…”

Section: Biogeographic Inferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phylogeographic evaluation of the Amolops mantzorum species group: Cryptic species and plateau uplift

2014

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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The relationship between climate change and Quaternary glacial cycles on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau: review and speculation

Cited by 306 publications

References 2 publications

Whole-genome sequencing of the snub-nosed monkey provides insights into folivory and evolutionary history

Whole-genome sequencing of the snub-nosed monkey provides insights into folivory and evolutionary history

Genetic consequences of postglacial colonization by the endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis) of the arid Tarim Basin

A phylogeographic evaluation of the Amolops mantzorum species group: Cryptic species and plateau uplift

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