The relationship between circulating estradiol and thyroid autoimmunity in males

Chailurkit, La‐or; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Ongphiphadhanakul, Boonsong

doi:10.1530/eje-13-0455

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We previously reported a negative association between serum BPA and serum thyroxine (T4) in males with positive serum thyroid antibodies [6] which is in agreement with a recent study in U.S. adults which suggested an inverse relationship between urinary BPA and total T4 [7]. Moreover, we have also demonstrated that estradiol is associated with thyroid autoimmunity in males [8]. The three most important antigens in autoimmune thyroid disease are thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase and TSH receptor.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Association of Serum Bisphenol A with Thyroid Autoimmunity

Chailurkit

Aekplakorn

Ongphiphadhanakul

2016

IJERPH

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Introduction: Data on the association of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and autoimmunity in humans is unclear. Objective: To elucidate the influence of BPA on thyroid autoimmunity, in the present study we assessed the association between serum BPA and thyroid autoantibodies. Methods: Serum samples from 2361 subjects, aged ≥15 years, from the Thai 4th National Health Examination Survey were measured for BPA, antithyroglobulin (TgAb), antithyroperoxidase (TPOAb) and antithyrotrophin receptor (TRAb) antibodies. Results: The proportion of subjects positive for TgAb, TPOAb and TRAb were 11.1%, 14.9% and 1.9%, respectively. With regard to BPA, 51.9% had serum BPA levels exceeding the detection limit of the assay (0.3). There was a significant increasing trend for subjects with TgAb (p < 0.05) and TPOAb (p < 0.001) positivity as BPA quartiles increased, particularly in the highest quartile. In contrast, no relationship between BPA quartiles and TRAb was found. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender and BPA quartiles were determinants of TPOAb or TgAb positivity, independent of BMI. However, only the association between BPA and TPOAb positivity was consistent in both men and women. Conclusions: BPA was independently associated with TPOAb positivity. However, its mechanism related to TPOAb positivity, subsequently leading to autoimmune thyroid disease, needs further investigation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Association of Serum Bisphenol A with Thyroid Autoimmunity

Chailurkit

Aekplakorn

Ongphiphadhanakul

2016

IJERPH

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“…For example, X-chromosome inactivation has been associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (40). However, there have been reports in men that confirm a connection between estradiol levels (or estradiol to testosterone ratio) and thyroid autoimmunity (41,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective role of selenium on thyroid morphology in iodine‑induced autoimmune thyroiditis in Wistar rats

et al. 2020

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Excess iodine may induce and exacerbate autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in humans and animals. In order to assess the potential protective mechanisms of selenium (Se) in thyroid autoimmunity, the effects of inorganic Se (sodium selenite) administration on thyroid morphology and follicular cytology were investigated in adult Wistar rats with iodine-induced AIT. A total of 48 adult Wistar rats (24 females, 24 males) were allocated to one of four dietary regimens: C0, control; C1, only potassium iodine (KI); C2, concomitant KI and Se; C3, only KI initially, followed by Se administration. For AIT induction the rats were fed with 0.05% KI for 56 days. Se-treated rats received 0.3 mg/l sodium selenite in drinking water. Thyroid tissues were collected for pathologic diagnosis after 7 days in C0 group, 56 days in C1 and C2 groups, and 112 days in C3 group. In C1 group, moderate to severe thyroiditis was observed in 83% of males and 50% of female rats (P=0.223). In C3 group 16.7% of male rats developed moderate thyroiditis and none in C2 group, whereas no females were identified with moderate to severe thyroiditis in C2 or C3 group. Thus, the administration of Se was proven to have protective effects against thyroiditis cytology in both male and female Wistar rats.

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“…Estrogens influenced B-cell function and further regulated the immune system [36]. In GD patients, the increased estradiol level is related to the positivity of TRAb [37]. Although the incidence of GD is higher in women, male GD patients have a higher risk of recurrence after ATD withdrawal [6, 34, 38, 39].…”

Section: Influencing Factors For the Recurrence In Gd Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antithyroid Drug Therapy for Graves’ Disease and Implications for Recurrence

Liu

et al. 2017

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism worldwide. Current therapeutic options for GD include antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine, and thyroidectomy. ATD treatment is generally well accepted by patients and clinicians due to some advantages including normalizing thyroid function in a short time, hardly causing hypothyroidism, and ameliorating immune disorder while avoiding radiation exposure and invasive procedures. However, the relatively high recurrence rate is a major concern for ATD treatment, which is associated with multiple influencing factors like clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and genetic and environmental factors. Of these influencing factors, some are modifiable but some are nonmodifiable. The recurrence risk can be reduced by adjusting the modifiable factors as much as possible. The titration regimen for 12–18 months is the optimal strategy of ATD. Levothyroxine administration after successful ATD treatment was not recommended. The addition of immunosuppressive drugs might be helpful to decrease the recurrence rate of GD patients after ATD withdrawal, whereas further studies are needed to address the safety and efficacy. This paper reviewed the current knowledge of ATD treatment and mainly focused on influencing factors for recurrence in GD patients with ATD treatment.

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The relationship between circulating estradiol and thyroid autoimmunity in males

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

The Association of Serum Bisphenol A with Thyroid Autoimmunity

The Association of Serum Bisphenol A with Thyroid Autoimmunity

Protective role of selenium on thyroid morphology in iodine‑induced autoimmune thyroiditis in Wistar rats

Antithyroid Drug Therapy for Graves’ Disease and Implications for Recurrence

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