The relationship between caudal differential pressure and activity of Atlantic cod: a potential method to predict oxygen consumption of free‐swimming fish

Steinhausen, M. F.; Steffensen, John F.; Andersen, Niels Gerner

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01563.x

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, the number of invasive sensors should be limited as it may decrease the mobility and increase the energy demand on the fish (Steinhausen et al 2006;Gollock et al 2009). A single sensor measuring either the caudal differential pressure (Webber et al 2001;Steinhausen et al 2007;Gollock et al 2009) or the electromyogram of the working muscles (Cooke et al 2004) may be suitable methods. These sensors measure the total power performed by the swimming fish and U, DU and are all included.…”

Section: Estimating Spontaneous Swimming Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variables associated with swimming speed (e.g. tail beat pressure and frequency) have been tested as suitable predictors of M O 2 during forced swimming (Lowe et al 1998;Lowe 2001;Webber et al 2001;Steinhausen et al 2005Steinhausen et al , 2007Ohlberger et al 2007). In general, however, wild fish do not swim steadily and linearly as in forced swimming experiments, but move spontaneously with changes in speed and direction during activities, such as feeding, territorial defence and predator avoidance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of swimming pattern on the energy use of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.)

Steinhausen

Steffensen

Andersen

2010

Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology

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Oxygen consumption (M O2 ) was measured for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) during spontaneous and forced activities. During spontaneous activity, the swimming pattern was analysed for the effect on M O2 on the average speed (U), turning rate () and change in speed (DU). All swimming characteristics contributed significantly to the source of spontaneous swimming costs, and the models explained up to 58% of the variation in M O2 : Prediction of M O2 of fish in field studies can thereby be improved if changes in speed and direction are determined in addition to swimming speed. A relationship between swimming speed and M O2 during forced activity was also established. During spontaneous activity, 2.5 times more energy was used than in forced swimming at a speed of 0.5 BL s À1. This indicates that spontaneous swimming costs may be considerably higher compared with those of a fixed swimming speed. However, comparing M O2 at the respective optimum swimming speeds with the lowest cost of transport (U opt ) resulted in similar values independent of swimming mode. This could be an important observation in estimating energetic costs of free-ranging fishes.

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Section: Estimating Spontaneous Swimming Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of swimming pattern on the energy use of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.)

Steinhausen

Steffensen

Andersen

2010

Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology

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“…Further, although a great deal is known about Atlantic cod metabolism and swimming capacity and activity (Nelson et al 1994;Claireaux et al 1995;Sylvestre et al 2007), only one study (Steinhausen et al 2007) has used telemetry to examine the relationship between these two parameters. Thus, this species is a good candidate for in-depth studies on the potential use of physiological telemetry devices for estimating the activity and metabolism of free-swimming marine teleost fishes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In this study, we used DPT, with internally (intraperitoneally) implanted acoustic transmitters, to further evaluate the applicability of this technology for measuring the swimming speed and energetics of freeranging cod and to record the pattern of swimming activity of free-ranging cod in a large tank. These studies were important, as Steinhausen et al (2006) showed that placing the transmitter body of the DPT externally may increase swimming-related metabolism above 0.8 body lengths (BL)Ás -1 and decrease critical swimming speed (Steinhausen et al 2007). Further, we used ''hard-wired'' fish to examine the potential of two other physiological parameters for measuring cod swimming speed, and indirectly, oxygen consumption: (i) EMG, which has proven successful for quantifying the swimming activity of a number of freshwater fish species (Cooke et al 2004) and (ii) sonomicrometry, which measures changes in muscle length with each contraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Consequently, from the perspectives of fisheries management and aquaculture, as well as those of the energetics of fish locomotion and physiological ecology, an understanding of the activity and metabolic expenditure of fishes under varied environmental conditions is critical. Lab-based studies have shown that there is a welldefined relationship between swimming speed and energy use in many teleost fish species (e.g., Brett 1964;Webber et al 1998;Behrens et al 2006), and that although it is not possible to directly measure oxygen consumption in freeswimming fish, swimming speed can be determined using a number of parameters (e.g., tailbeat frequency, Lowe et al 1998;Steinhausen et al 2005; tail differential or integrated pressure, Webber et al 2001;Steinhausen et al 2007; and electromyography (EMG), Briggs and Post 1997;Geist et al 2003;Lembo et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential methods for measuring the activity patterns and energy use of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Gollock

Hunter

Syme

et al. 2009

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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As there are no commercially available acoustic telemetry devices for quantifying the swimming activity and activity-related metabolic expenditures of a wide range of marine species, we (i) examined the suitability of three methods (electromyography; sonomicrometry; and tail differential pressure tags (DPT)) for measuring the swimming speed of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and indirectly, metabolic rate (MO2) and (ii) measured the activity pattern of free-swimming cod carrying the DPT. All three methods yielded significant relationships with swim speed during a critical swimming speed (Ucrit) test. However, only the DPT was able to discern between swimming speed differences of 0.1 body lengths (BL)Ás -1 and provide a strong relationship with MO2. Further, we found that free-swimming cod fitted with the DPT swam at an average speed of 0.33 BLÁs -1 , the speed previously reported to result in minimal cost of transport for this species. While the DPT has considerable potential for assessing the bioenergetics of marine fishes, the swimming economy of tagged Atlantic cod was lower above 0.4 BLÁs -1 as compared with untagged fish, and Ucrit was reduced by 25%. These latter effects are likely related to the tag's present size (39 g) and design.Résumé : Comme il n'existe pas dans le commerce d'appareil de télémétrie acoustique pour mesurer l'activité de nage et les dépenses énergétiques reliées à l'activité chez une gamme étendue d'espèces marines, nous avons (i) examiné la valeur de trois méthodes (l'électromyographie, la sonomicrométrie et les étiquettes de queue à pression différentielle (DPT)) pour mesurer la vitesse de nage de morues franches de l'Atlantique (Gadus morhua) et indirectement leur taux de métabolisme (MO 2 ) et (ii) déterminé les patrons d'activité en nage libre de morues porteuses de DPT. Les trois méthodes fournissent toutes des relations significatives avec la vitesse de nage lors d'un test de vitesse de nage critique (U crit ). Cependant, seules les DPT permettent de distinguer entre des différences de vitesse de nage de 0,1 BLÁs -1 (longueurs du corps par seconde) et fournissent une forte relation avec MO 2 . De plus, les morues en nage libre porteuses de DPT nagent à une vitesse moyenne de 0,33 BLÁs -1 , la vitesse déterminée antérieurement comme présentant le coût minimal de transport chez cette espèce. Alors que les DPT présentent un potentiel intéressant pour mesurer les données bioénergétiques chez les poissons marins, l'économie de la nage de morues franches de l'Atlantique porteuses d'étiquettes est réduite à des vitesses supér-ieures à 0,4 BLÁs -1 par comparaison à celle de poissons sans étiquette et leur U crit diminue de 25 %. Ces effets s'expliquent vraisemblablement par la taille actuelle (39 g) et la configuration des étiquettes.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Comparison of methods to quantify metabolic rate and its relationship with activity in larval lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens

Yoon

Bjornson

Deslauriers

et al. 2021

Journal of Fish Biology

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Until recently most studies have focussed on method development for metabolic rate assessment in adult and/or juvenile fish with less focus on measurement of oxygen consumption (ṀO 2 ) during early life history stages, including fast-growing larval fish and even less focus on nonteleostean species. In the present study we evaluated measurement techniques for standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope in an Acipenseriform, the lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, throughout the first year of life. Standardized forced exercise protocols to assess MMR were conducted for 5 or 15 min before or after measurement of SMR.We used different levels of oxygen decline during the measurement period of MMR post forced exercise to understand the influence these may have on the calculation of MMR. Opercular rate and tail beat frequencies were recorded by video as measures of behaviours and compared to metabolic rate recorded over a 24 h period.Results indicate that calculated values for aerobic scope were lower in younger fish.Neither exercise sequence nor exercise duration influenced metabolic rate measurements in the younger fish, but exercise duration did affect measurement of MMR in older fish. Finally, there was no strong correlation between metabolic rate and the measured behaviours in the lake sturgeon at either age. Based on the results, we recommend that a minimum of 6 h of acclimation to the respirometry chamber should be given prior to measuring SMR, a chasing protocol to elicit MMR should ideally be performed at the end of experiment, a short chasing time should be avoided to minimize variation and assessment of MMR should balance measurement limitations of the probes along with when and for how long oxygen consumption is measured.

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The relationship between caudal differential pressure and activity of Atlantic cod: a potential method to predict oxygen consumption of free‐swimming fish

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

The effects of swimming pattern on the energy use of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.)

The effects of swimming pattern on the energy use of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.)

Potential methods for measuring the activity patterns and energy use of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Comparison of methods to quantify metabolic rate and its relationship with activity in larval lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens

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