The relationship between carotid blood pressure reactivity to mental stress and carotid intima-media thickness

Augustine, Jacqueline A.; Lefferts, Wesley K.; Gump, Brooks B.; Heffernan, Kevin S.

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.014

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our results indicated that blood pressure reactivity, but not heart rate reactivity, was associated with greater CA‐IMT. Our findings are in agreement with previous reports demonstrating that heightened blood pressure reactivity is consistently associated with surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis (Gianaros et al., 2002; Lambiase et al., 2012; Low et al., 2009; Roemmich et al., 2011; Spartano et al., 2014). The current study extends those findings to show that blood pressure reactivity continues to associate with CA‐IMT after controlling for heart rate reactivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Is stressor‐evoked cardiovascular reactivity a pathway linking positive and negative emotionality to preclinical cardiovascular disease risk?

et al. 2020

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Stressor‐evoked cardiovascular reactivity, trait positive emotionality, and negative emotionality are all associated with cardiovascular disease. It is unknown, however, whether cardiovascular reactivity may constitute a pathway by which trait positive or negative emotionality relates to disease risk. Accordingly, this study modeled the cross‐sectional relationships between trait positive and negative emotionality, stressor‐evoked cardiovascular reactivity, and severity of a subclinical vascular marker of cardiovascular risk, carotid artery intima‐media thickness (CA‐IMT). The sample consisted of healthy, midlife adults free from clinical cardiovascular disease (N = 286; ages 30–54; 50% female). Trait positive and negative emotionality were measured by three questionnaires. Heart rate and blood pressure reactivity were assessed across three stressor tasks. CA‐IMT was assessed by ultrasonography. Latent factors of positive and negative emotionality, blood pressure reactivity, heart rate reactivity, and CA‐IMT were created using structural equation modeling. Greater negative emotionality was marginally associated with more CA‐IMT (β = .21; p = .049), but lower blood pressure reactivity (β = −.19; p = .03). However, heightened blood pressure (β = .21; p = .03), but not heart rate reactivity (β = −.05; p = .75), associated with greater CA‐IMT. Positive emotionality was uncorrelated with cardiovascular reactivity (blood pressure: β = −.04; p = .61; heart rate: β = .16; p = .11) and CA‐IMT (β = .16; p = .07). Although trait negative emotionality associates with a known marker of cardiovascular disease risk, independent of positive emotionality, it is unlikely to occur via a stressor‐evoked cardiovascular reactivity pathway.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Is stressor‐evoked cardiovascular reactivity a pathway linking positive and negative emotionality to preclinical cardiovascular disease risk?

et al. 2020

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“…A substantial body of literature, however, has focused on the cardiovascular reactivity to physical (cold-pressor test, exercise) and psychological (speech, arithmetic, video games) stressors as the potential substrate for detrimental vascular remodeling and target-organ damage. Indeed, cardiovascular reactivity is associated with the development of hypertension 53 and carotid atherosclerosis (assessed as IMT) in adults, 54 adolescents, 55 and children. 56 Moreover, racial differences in cardiovascular reactivity have been noted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Differences in Aortic Stiffness in Children

Lefferts

Augustine

Spartano

et al. 2017

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objective To investigate racial differences in central blood pressure and vascular structure/function as subclinical markers of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children. Study design This cross-sectional study recruited 54 African-American children (18 female, 36 male; age 10.5 ± 0.9) and 54 white children (27 female, 26 male; age 10.8 ± 0.9) from the Syracuse City community as part of the Environmental Exposures and Child Health Outcomes (EECHO) study. Participants underwent blood lipid and vascular testing on two separate days. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and aortic stiffness were measured via ultrasonography and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), respectively. Blood pressure (BP) was assessed at the brachial artery and estimated in the carotid artery using applanation tonometry. Results African American children had significantly higher PWV (4.8 ± 0.8 m/s) compared with white children (4.2 ± 0.7 m/s; p<0.05) which remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables including socioeconomic status. African-American children had significantly higher IMT (African-American 0.41 ± 0.06, white 0.39 ± 0.05 mm), and carotid systolic BP (African-American 106 ± 11, white 102 ± 8 mmHg; p<0.05) compared with white children, although these racial differences were no longer present after covariate adjustments for height. Conclusions Racial differences in aortic stiffness are present in childhood. Our findings suggest that racial differences in subclinical CVD occur earlier than previously recognized.

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“…Importantly, it has been shown that individuals showing exaggerated cardiovascular responses linked to acute and/or chronic behavioral stress may be at higher risk for the development of cardiovascular disease including hypertension and coronary artery disease than those individuals that do not display this positive correlation. (Beutel et al, 2014a; Carrol et al 2013; Ginty et al, 2016; Spartano et al, 2014). Moreover, the impaired post-stress recovery of blood pressure has been shown blunted in patients with a history of ELS (Evans et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental origins of cardiovascular disease: Impact of early life stress in humans and rodents

Murphy

Cohn

Loria

2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

100

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The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesizes that environmental insults during childhood programs the individual to develop chronic disease in adulthood. Emerging epidemiological data strongly supports that early life stress (ELS) given by the exposure to adverse childhood experiences is regarded as an independent risk factor capable of predicting future risk of cardiovascular disease. Experimental animal models utilizing chronic behavioral stress during postnatal life, specifically maternal separation (MatSep) provides a suitable tool to elucidate molecular mechanisms by which ELS increases the risk to develop cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. The purpose of this review is to highlight current epidemiological studies linking ELS to the development of cardiovascular disease and to discuss the potential molecular mechanisms identified from animal studies. Overall, this review reveals the need for future investigations to further clarify the molecular mechanisms of ELS in order to develop more personalized therapeutics to mitigate the long-term consequences of chronic behavioral stress including cardiovascular and heart disease in adulthood.

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The relationship between carotid blood pressure reactivity to mental stress and carotid intima-media thickness

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Is stressor‐evoked cardiovascular reactivity a pathway linking positive and negative emotionality to preclinical cardiovascular disease risk?

Is stressor‐evoked cardiovascular reactivity a pathway linking positive and negative emotionality to preclinical cardiovascular disease risk?

Racial Differences in Aortic Stiffness in Children

Developmental origins of cardiovascular disease: Impact of early life stress in humans and rodents

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