The relationship between body condition score and ultrasonic fat measurements in mares of high versus low body condition

Gentry, L. R.; Thompson, Donald L.; Gentry, G. T.; Vecchio, R.P. Del; Davis, K. A.; Vecchio, Pamela M Del

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2004.04.009

Cited by 68 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…Para estimá-la pesquisadores desenvolveram diferentes técnicas, buscando sempre maior confiabilidade e precisão (Henneke et al, 1983;Gentry et al, 2004;Carter et al, 2009). Henneke et al (1983) definiram um sistema de escore da condição corporal (ECC) baseado na visualização e palpação de seis áreas corporais em que ocorre a deposição de gordura, sendo elas: bordo dorsal do pescoço, garrote, lombo, base da cauda, costado e a ligação da espádua com o costado (figura 1).…”

Section: Desenvolvimentounclassified

“…Dentre as técnicas estabelecidas, esta é a mais aceita, sendo utilizada na experimentação em equinos avaliando, por exemplo, o efeito da condição corporal sobre o desenvolvimento folicular e as concentrações circulantes de leptina (Waller et al, 2006). Gentry et al (2004) estabeleceram uma nova forma de mensurar a gordura subcutânea utilizando a ultrassonografia. Tendo como base a técnica estabelecida por Henneke et al (1983), os autores concluíram que a base da cauda é a melhor área para se determinar o acúmulo de gordura e, assim, definir o ECC.…”

Section: Desenvolvimentounclassified

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Condição corporal e atividade reprodutiva de eguas

et al. 2014

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A manutenção dos animais em boa condição corporal é de grande importância para se alcançar altos índices reprodutivos, tanto à monta natural quanto frente às modernas biotecnologias da reprodução equina. A presente revisão de literatura teve como objetivo abordar a influência da condição corporal sobre a atividade reprodutiva de éguas, enfocando a atividade ovariana, o perfil endócrino, sendo dada ênfase à leptina, pois seus níveis estão diretamente relacionados à condição corporal e envolvidos no estímulo do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gônadas, e os índices de eficiência reprodutiva. Considerando uma escala de escore da condição corporal (1 a 9), éguas com escore > 5 são consideradas aptas a apresentarem índices de eficiência reprodutiva satisfatórios. Em síntese, a condição corporal exerce efeito sobre: a duração do anestro estacional e do período interovulatório, a secreção de IGF-1 e leptina, o número de ciclos/concepção, as taxas de prenhez, perda embrionária precoce e aborto. SUMMARYKeeping animals in good body condition is of great importance to achieve high reproductive rates, both the natural mating as the face of modern biotechnologies equine reproduction. This literature review aimed to evaluate the influence of body condition on reproductive activity in mares, focusing on ovarian activity, the endocrine profile, with an emphasis on leptin, because their levels are directly related to body condition and involved in stimulating hypothalamic-pituitary -gonadal axis, and the indices of reproductive efficiency.Considering a range of body condition score (1-9), mares with scores >5 are considered able to submit satisfactory levels of reproductive efficiency. Additionally, the body condition has an effect on the duration of seasonal anestrus, the interovulatory period, the secretion of IGF-1 and leptin, the number of cycles/conception, the pregnancy rates, early embryonic loss and abortion. INTRODUÇÃOEm um programa reprodutivo de equinos espera-se o nascimento de um potro saudável por égua, dentro do intervalo de um ano. Para isso, é necessário que se tenha éguas e garanhões de boa fertilidade, além de manejos reprodutivo, nutricional e sanitário adequados.Para a avaliação da fertilidade são adotados índices de eficiência reprodutiva, que refletem a fertilidade tanto individual como do plantel. Vários estudos vêm sendo realizados visando o aumento da eficiência reprodutiva das éguas, alguns deles com o uso de fármacos (Thompson e Witherspoon, 1974;Alcântara et al., 2005;Meyers-Brown et al., 2013) e de biotecnologias avançadas da reprodução equina (Coutinho da Silva et al., 2004;Meyers-Brown et al., 2011;Nagao et al., 2012

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Section: Desenvolvimentounclassified

Condição corporal e atividade reprodutiva de eguas

et al. 2014

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“…Fat deposits examined previously by ultrasonography in equids differed from study to study (Gentry et al, 2004;Carter et al, 2009b;Argo et al, 2012) probably attributed to breed differences and to the ease of obtaining and reading ultrasonographic measurements. Also, if a specific ultrasound imaging analysis software could be developed to decrease the time-consuming and increase the precision of fat measuring, especially with those kind of protocols that involve taking the measurements in triplicate (to increase the accuracy), maybe less differences would be described in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Otherwise, ultrasonography has demonstrated to be an accepted method for measuring fat reserves in farm species (Silva & Cadavez, 2012) and equids (Gentry et al, 2004) due to its objectivity, repeatability of the technique (Martin-Gimenez et al, 2016), low cost and the possibility of being used in field conditions (Quaresma et al, 2013). Thus, in many species, ultrasonography has also been utilized to validate the condition scoring process (Domecq et al, 1994;Gentry et al, 2004;Alapati et al, 2010;Morfeld et al, 2014) and/or to predict the total fat content using mathematical equations that frequently include some SFT measurement (Westervelt et al, 1976;Kane et al, 1987;Stephenson et al, 1998). Conversely, in this case the ultrasonography was used to create a new objective scoring system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, considering the faithful fulfilment of the original scale described by Henneke et al (1983), the results confirm that the scores to designate these two body categories (obese and overweight) should be raised at least in Andalusian horses. Previous studies in which the conventional body scoring system has been utilized, obese horses have been described using different cutoff values (Gentry et al, 2002;Hoffman et al, 2003;Gentry et al, 2004;Buff et al, 2006;Frank et al, 2006;Vick et al, 2006;Waller et al, 2006;Ungru et al, 2012). This lack of consensus among different researches to define obesity stands out the relevance of these results where based strictly on an objective appraisal of the body condition (SFT ultrasonography) and in accordance with a quantitative corroborated obesity variable (%BF) it has been possible to fix concrete cut-off values adjusted to a specific breed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an index based on ultrasonographic measurements for the objective appraisal of body condition in Andalusian horses

Martin‐Giménez

Aguirre-Pascasio

Blas

2018

Span. j. agric. res.

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Body condition scoring (BCS) is an indirect measure of the level of subcutaneous fat; however, by measuring the subcutaneous fat thicknesses (SFT), the precision of the degree of fatness assessment is improved. The aims were: 1) to develop an alternative body fat scoring index (BFSI) based on ultrasonographic measurements; 2) to assess the agreement between BCS and the new index applied to Andalusian horses; 3) to adjust the BCS cut-off values (if necessary) for overweight and obesity in this breed. One hundred and sixtysix Andalusian horses were included in this cross sectional study. On each horse, BCS, body fat percentage (BF%) and ultrasonography of SFT at localized deposits were evaluated. According to BFSI five possible body categories were established. Only one horse (0.6%) was classified as emaciated, 9.0% as thin, 74.7% as normal, 11.4% as overweight and 4.2% as obese. Despite higher BCS and SFT values were observed compared to other breeds, most of the horses evaluated presented a normal body condition under the new BFSI. BCS and BFSI were significantly associated (p<0.001), however, the concordance was low (weighted Cohen's kappa coefficient, 0.262 ± 0.071; p=0.004). Using BFSI, obese horses had significantly greater BF% than the rest of categories (p<0.001). BCS showed a good diagnostic accuracy for detection overweight (AUC = 0.759 ± 0.055; p<0.001) and obese (AUC = 0.878 ± 0.050; p=0.001) horses; redefining the cut-off values for overweight and obesity condition as 7.5/9 and 8.5/9 respectively in Andalusian horses.Additional keywords: ultrasonography; subcutaneous fat deposits; objective score; adiposity; obesity; index. Abbreviations used: AUC (area under the curve); BMI (body mass index); BCS (body condition score); BFSI (body fat scoring index); ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve); SFT (subcutaneous fat thickness); SFT-N25% (SFT over the first third of the neck-length); SFT-N50% (SFT over the second third of the neck-length); SFT-N75% (SFT over the last third of the neck-length); SFT-S (SFT behind the shoulder); SFT-Rb (SFT over the ribs); SFT-R (SFT over the rump); SFT-TH (SFT over the tailhead); BF% (body fat percentage).

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Gastrointestinal system

Munsterman¹

2017

Nutritional Management of Equine Diseases and Special Cases

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The relationship between body condition score and ultrasonic fat measurements in mares of high versus low body condition

Cited by 68 publications

References 9 publications

Condição corporal e atividade reprodutiva de eguas

Condição corporal e atividade reprodutiva de eguas

Development of an index based on ultrasonographic measurements for the objective appraisal of body condition in Andalusian horses

Gastrointestinal system

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