The Relationship Between BMI and Stability of Intertrochanteric Fracture Following Low-Energy Falls. A Retrospective Cohort Study

Irving, Devan; Hinkley, Jacob; Marquart, Matthew

doi:10.1177/2151459319857555

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The principle factor responsible for this trend is the age-related bone demineralisation of the proximal femur compounded by the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [3]. Furthermore, these changes are compounded by the higher rates of falls among the elderly [4]. Cumulatively, these factors are responsible for approximately 90% of femoral neck fractures [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Dynamic Hip Screw and Two Cannulated Screws in the Treatment of Undisplaced Intracapsular Neck Fractures—Two-Year Follow-Up of 453 Patients

Widhalm

Arnhold

Beiglböck

et al. 2019

JCM

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One of the most common fractures is that of the intracapsular femoral neck; however, the optimal implant for head-preserving treatment remains controversial. The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of treating undisplaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures with either the dynamic hip screw (DHS) or the double cannulated screw fixation (CSFN). This retrospective cohort study analysed the data of 453 patients, with a mean age of 76.9 years, whose intracapsular fractures were treated with the DHS or CSFN between 2005 and 2013. The analysis focused on the rates of revision surgeries and complications; however, the impact of confounding exogenous factors, such as smoking and alcohol, were also considered. No significant difference was observed between the revision rates of DHS and CSFN (15.0% vs. 13.1%; p = 0.565). According to the complication rate, the advantage in favour of the CSFN was not significant (20.5% vs. 13.1%, p = 0.038). The use of the DHS was associated with a 13 min longer surgery (p < 0.0001) and a one day longer hospitalization (p = 0.242). Excessive consumption of alcohol was associated with an increased incidence of avascular necrosis (18.6% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.035). The choice of implant showed no significant impact on rates of revision surgery and complications. In terms of socioeconomic factors, the fixation with two cannulated screws was more favourable, making it the more cost-effective and less stressful method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Dynamic Hip Screw and Two Cannulated Screws in the Treatment of Undisplaced Intracapsular Neck Fractures—Two-Year Follow-Up of 453 Patients

Widhalm

Arnhold

Beiglböck

et al. 2019

JCM

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“…We are also unable to determine the effects of BMI on fracture type due to incomplete data, but it is feasible that there is an as yet undefined association between raised BMI and unstable PFF patterns as has previously been identified in intertrochanteric hip fractures. 40 In addition, a clustering effect may have arisen due to the inclusion of high-volume specialist centres which may have led to a misrepresentation of some fracture types e.g. type AL fractures those that are often manged nonoperatively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors influencing fracture characteristics in postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures around cemented stems in total hip arthroplasty

et al. 2021

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Aims This study evaluates risk factors influencing fracture characteristics for postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) around cemented stems in total hip arthroplasty. Methods Data were collected for PFF patients admitted to eight UK centres between 25 May 2006 and 1 March 2020. Radiographs were assessed for Unified Classification System (UCS) grade and AO/OTA type. Statistical comparisons investigated relationships by age, gender, and stem fixation philosophy (polished taper-slip (PTS) vs composite beam (CB)). The effect of multiple variables was estimated using multinomial logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Surgical treatment (revision vs fixation) was compared by UCS grade and AO/OTA type. Results A total of 584 cases were included. Median age was 79.1 years (interquartile range 72.0 to 86.0), 312 (53.6%) patients were female, and 495 (85.1%) stems were PTS. The commonest UCS grade was type B1 (278, 47.6%). The most common AO/OTA type was spiral (352, 60.3%). Metaphyseal split fractures occurred only with PTS stems with an incidence of 10.1%. Male sex was associated with a five-fold reduction in odds of a type C fracture (OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.41); p < 0.001) compared to a type B fracture. CB stems were associated with significantly increased odds of transverse fracture (OR 9.51 (95% CI 3.72 to 24.34); p < 0.001) and wedge fracture (OR 3.72 (95% CI 1.16 to 11.95); p = 0.027) compared to PTS stems. Both UCS grade and AO/OTA type differed significantly (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) between the revision and fixation groups but a similar proportion of B1 fractures underwent revision compared to fixation (45.3% vs 50.6%). Conclusion The commonest fracture types are B1 and spiral fractures. PTS stems are exclusively associated with metaphyseal split fractures, but their incidence is low. Males have lower odds of UCS grade C fractures compared to females. CB stems have higher odds of bending type fractures (transverse and wedge) compared to PTS stems. There is considerable variation in practice when treating B1 fractures around cemented stems. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):466–475.

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“…Irving et al described a shift of the fracture pattern towards more comminuted fractures, especially for OB patients, in trochanteric fractures. A biomechanical influence of the cushioning of trochanteric soft tissue is considerable [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between High Body Mass Index and Early Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Proximal Femur Fractures

Müller

Gutwerk

Greve

et al. 2020

JCM

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Background: Fractures of the proximal femur constitute daily work in orthopedic trauma surgery. With the continuous increase of obesity in the general population, surgeons face several known technical challenges. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of high body mass index (BMI) in patients with proximal femur fractures with intra- and postoperative adverse events, as well as with functional outcomes after successful surgery. Methods: In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, 950 patients who sustained a fracture of the proximal femur (femoral neck fracture or trochanteric fracture) and underwent surgical treatment at our level I trauma center between 2003 and 2015 were included. Patient-specific data were obtained in regard to demographics, comorbidities, and fracture morphology. In-hospital postoperative complications (i.e., need for revision surgery, wound site infection, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, necessary transfusion, and deep-vein thrombosis) were analyzed, along with the length of hospitalization and overall mortality rate. Functional outcome was assessed using the Barthel index and the patient’s ability to walk on crutches. Mortality rate and need for revision surgery were assessed over a two-year time period. Any adverse event was correlated to one of the four WHO’s BMI groups. Results: The cohort included 80 (8.4%) underweight patients, 570 (60.0%) normal weight patients, 241 (25.4%) overweight patients, and 59 (6.2%) obese patients. We found more femoral neck fractures (506, or 53%) than trochanteric fractures (444, or 47%). In bivariate analysis, no significant difference was found in regard to overall mortality or postoperative complications. Hospitalization time (LOS) differed between the underweight (12.3 ± 4.8 days), normal (13.6 ± 7.8 days), overweight (14.2 ± 11.7 days), and obese patients (16.0 ± 9.7 days) (p = 0.040). Operation time increased stepwise with increasing BMI: underweight = 85.3 ± 42.9 min; normal weight = 90.2 ± 38.2 min; overweight = 99.9 ± 39.9 min; obese = 117.2 ± 61.5 min (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found by analyzing functional outcomes. However, patients with intermediate BMI levels (18.5–30 kg/m2) tended to achieve the best results, as represented by a higher Barthel index score and the patient’s ability to walk on crutches. Conclusion: Increased BMI in patients with proximal femur fractures is associated with both longer operation time and length of hospitalization (LOS). Postoperative mobilization and functional outcomes appear to follow a reversed J-curve distribution (with overweight patients showing the best functional results), whereas both obese and underweight patients have associated poorer function.

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The Relationship Between BMI and Stability of Intertrochanteric Fracture Following Low-Energy Falls. A Retrospective Cohort Study

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

A Comparison of Dynamic Hip Screw and Two Cannulated Screws in the Treatment of Undisplaced Intracapsular Neck Fractures—Two-Year Follow-Up of 453 Patients

A Comparison of Dynamic Hip Screw and Two Cannulated Screws in the Treatment of Undisplaced Intracapsular Neck Fractures—Two-Year Follow-Up of 453 Patients

Risk factors influencing fracture characteristics in postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures around cemented stems in total hip arthroplasty

The Association between High Body Mass Index and Early Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Proximal Femur Fractures

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