Dietary deprivation of supplementary calcium or vitamin D 3 did not affect the body weight of female or male coturnix or Leghorn hens, even though feed consumption was significantly reduced. The egg production was reduced from about 74% to about 10% and 20% in the calcium deprived and the vitamin D 3 deprived coturnix hens, respectively. Leghorn hens reduced their egg production from about 60% to about 25% on vitamin D 3 deprivation, but virtually ceased egg production on calcium deprivation. The dietary deficiencies resulted in reduced egg weight, shell thickness, and female tibia ash of coturnix while not influencing ovarian and oviductal weights or testis weights and tibia ash of males. Each of Leghorn hens deprived of dietary calcium had thinner shells within 2 weeks, whereas in the vitamin D 3 deprived hens shell thinning occurred within 3 weeks, but yolk weights were significantly heavier in this group. Plasma calcium, ovary weight, and oviduct weight were significantly reduced in Leghorn hens deprived of calcium, but not vitamin D 3 .1979 Poultry Sci 58:432-440