The relationship between anxiety levels and anger expression styles of nurses during COVID‐19 pandemic

Bayrak, Nurten Gülsüm; Uzun, Sevda; Kulakaç, Nurşen

doi:10.1111/ppc.12756

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For nurses, the experience of this significant (hopefully once-in-alifetime) event can inflict ongoing moral injury. " Thus, the research findings were consistent with the findings of both resource depletion theory and previous studies (Huang et al, 2020;Bayrak et al, 2021;Hossain and Clatty, 2021;Söğütlü et al, 2021).…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationssupporting

confidence: 91%

How do compulsory citizenship behaviors affect moral disengagement in organizations? Significance of anger toward the organization during the COVID-19 pandemic

Yıldız

Yıldız²,

Özbilgin³

2022

Front. Psychol.

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BackgroundWith the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals, especially nurses, are confronted with an intensified workload. The literature on compulsory citizenship behaviors and their consequences is still far from explaining the cognitive and emotional mechanisms that underlie this relationship.MethodsDrawing on the resource depletion theory, we unpack the mechanism by which compulsory citizenship behaviors influence moral disengagement with the mediation effects of anger toward the organization. We are reporting a cross-sectional survey of nurses (n = 294) in private and public hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. The data analysis involved structural equation modeling and Bayesian mediation.ResultsThe study revealed that compulsory citizenship behaviors positively influenced anger toward the organization and moral disengagement. Further, anger toward the organization mediates the link between compulsory citizenship behaviors and moral disengagement. Likewise, the Bayesian mediation analysis indicated that the proportion mediated (PM), which ensures a prediction of the extent to which the pathway explains the total effect through the mediation effect, was 33.74%.ConclusionThe findings show that exposure to compulsory citizenship behaviors lead to negative emotional (anger toward to organization) and cognitive (moral disengagement) consequences in nurses.Practical implicationsHospital managers should not force nurses to display discretionary work tasks outside their job descriptions. Providing an organizational milieu where voluntarily extra-role behaviors are encouraged may help reduce nurses’ moral disengagement and, in turn, ease their anger toward the organization.

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Section: Theoretical Implicationssupporting

confidence: 91%

How do compulsory citizenship behaviors affect moral disengagement in organizations? Significance of anger toward the organization during the COVID-19 pandemic

Yıldız

Yıldız²,

Özbilgin³

2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…Fear of contracting COVID-19 and infecting family, colleagues, and/or patients, was described by HCWs in 34 articles (59.6%). These studies collectively had the greatest global spread of all PMIDE categories, representing data from participants in the Americas ( n = 10) ( 7 , 11 , 47 – 54 ), Europe ( n = 8) ( 55 – 62 ), South-east Asia ( n = 6) ( 63 – 68 ), Western Pacific ( n = 5) ( 69 – 73 ), Eastern Mediterranean ( n = 4) ( 74 – 77 ), and globally ( n = 1) ( 44 ). Feelings of fear ( 58 , 68 , 72 , 73 , 75 – 77 ), anxiety ( 7 , 44 , 47 , 52 , 73 ), guilt ( 50 , 54 , 56 , 63 , 65 ), and depression ( 73 ) were commonly described throughout the included studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fear associated with contracting and transmitting COVID-19 was especially prominent among HCWs who had additional vulnerabilities to infection due to an underlying health condition ( 44 , 54 , 55 , 59 ), or who lived with children, older adults, or individuals with other vulnerabilities ( 44 , 50 , 55 , 65 , 72 ) (Turkey, India, Global, China, and United States). Feelings of guilt were commonly reported due to feeling as though one was putting one’s family and colleagues at risk of infection or in relation to not wanting to be on the frontlines because of an underlying health condition ( 50 , 54 , 56 , 63 , 65 ) (United States, Ireland, and India).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Circumstances Associated With Moral Injury and Moral Distress in Healthcare Workers and Public Safety Personnel Across the Globe During COVID-19: A Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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Healthcare workers (HCWs) and public safety personnel (PSP) across the globe have continued to face ethically and morally challenging situations during the COVID-19 pandemic that increase their risk for the development of moral distress (MD) and moral injury (MI). To date, however, the global circumstances that confer risk for MD and MI in these cohorts have not been systematically explored, nor have the unique circumstances that may exist across countries been explored. Here, we sought to identify and compare, across the globe, potentially morally injurious or distressful events (PMIDEs) in HCWs and PSP during the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was conducted to identify and synthesize global knowledge on PMIDEs in HCWs and select PSP. Six databases were searched, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsychInfo, CINAHL, and Global Health. A total of 1,412 articles were retrieved, of which 57 articles were included in this review. These articles collectively described the experiences of samples from 19 different countries, which were comprised almost exclusively of HCWs. Given the lack of PSP data, the following results should not be generalized to PSP populations without further research. Using qualitative content analysis, six themes describing circumstances associated with PMIDEs were identified: (1) Risk of contracting or transmitting COVID-19; (2) Inability to work on the frontlines; (3) Provision of suboptimal care; (4) Care prioritization and resource allocation; (5) Perceived lack of support and unfair treatment by their organization; and (6) Stigma, discrimination, and abuse. HCWs described a range of emotions related to these PMIDEs, including anxiety, fear, guilt, shame, burnout, anger, and helplessness. Most PMIDE themes appeared to be shared globally, particularly the ‘Risk of contracting or transmitting COVID-19’ and the ‘Perceived lack of support and unfair treatment by their organization.’ Articles included within the theme of ‘Stigma, discrimination, and abuse’ represented the smallest global distribution of all PMIDE themes. Overall, the present review provides insight into PMIDEs encountered by HCWs across the globe during COVID-19. Further research is required to differentiate the experience of PSP from HCWs, and to explore the impact of social and cultural factors on the experience of MD and MI.

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“…State anger is the result of the current COVID-19 pandemic and its prevailing impacts. Due to spread of COVID-19, nurses’ concerns regarding their work and its impact on their family members build psychological suffering among nurses, which causes state anger ( Bayrak et al, 2021 ). State anger refers to a psychobiological state in which an individual’s emotions fluctuate from minor irritation to an intense level of rage ( Spielberger, 1999a ).…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Job Stress and State Anger on Turnover Intention Among Nurses During COVID-19: The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion

et al. 2022

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Based on the social exchange theory, the aim of this study is to identify the association between job stress state anger, emotional exhaustion and job turnover intention. This study postulates that job related stress and state anger among nurses during COVID-19 subsequently leads to their job turnover intentions. In addition, the study also aims to see the mediating role of emotional exhaustion between COVID-19-related job stress, state anger, and turnover intentions. The sample of this study is gathered from 335 registered nurses working in Pakistani hospitals dealing with COVID-19-related patients. The interrelationships between variables are checked by using structural equation modeling through AMOS. Key findings confirm that COVID-19-related job stress and state anger had a significant effect on nurses’ turnover intentions. Furthermore, emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between COVID-19-related job stress, state anger, and turnover intentions. There is a lack of research which has assessed the impact of Novel COVID-19-related job stress and state anger on nurses’ turnover intentions in hospitals, providing empirical evidence from a developing country-Pakistan. This study offers managerial implications for hospital management and health policymakers. Moreover, nursing managers need to pay attention to nurses’ turnover intentions who are facing the issue at the front line as patients receive their initial treatment from nurses in the COVID-19 outbreak.

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The relationship between anxiety levels and anger expression styles of nurses during COVID‐19 pandemic

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

How do compulsory citizenship behaviors affect moral disengagement in organizations? Significance of anger toward the organization during the COVID-19 pandemic

How do compulsory citizenship behaviors affect moral disengagement in organizations? Significance of anger toward the organization during the COVID-19 pandemic

Potential Circumstances Associated With Moral Injury and Moral Distress in Healthcare Workers and Public Safety Personnel Across the Globe During COVID-19: A Scoping Review

The Impact of Job Stress and State Anger on Turnover Intention Among Nurses During COVID-19: The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion

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