1970
DOI: 10.1177/002224377000700110
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The Relationship between Anxiety and Positive and Negative Advertising Appeals

Abstract: Advertising appeals that arouse an appropriate amount of emotional tension can be successful in achieving desired attitudinal changes. For some members of an audience the appropriate amount of emotional tension may apparently be achieved by means of negative appeals while others respond better to positive appeals

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Cited by 27 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…Negative emotional appeals are also regularly applied in consumer marketing to sell products which appeal to consumers' needs to conform to social norms (Bearden and Rose, 1990). Additionally, a significant amount of research which has studied the effectiveness of negative in comparison to positive emotional appeals can be found in the literature (Wheatley and Oshikawa, 1970;Gardner and Wilheim, 1987;Homer and Yoon, 1992;Block and Keller, 1995;Frazer et al, 2002). Dillard and Peck (2000) showed that public service advertising effectiveness was influenced by fluctuating attitudes, changes in affective responses, and cognitive reactions for both positive and negative appeals.…”
Section: Emotional Appeals and Social Marketingmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Negative emotional appeals are also regularly applied in consumer marketing to sell products which appeal to consumers' needs to conform to social norms (Bearden and Rose, 1990). Additionally, a significant amount of research which has studied the effectiveness of negative in comparison to positive emotional appeals can be found in the literature (Wheatley and Oshikawa, 1970;Gardner and Wilheim, 1987;Homer and Yoon, 1992;Block and Keller, 1995;Frazer et al, 2002). Dillard and Peck (2000) showed that public service advertising effectiveness was influenced by fluctuating attitudes, changes in affective responses, and cognitive reactions for both positive and negative appeals.…”
Section: Emotional Appeals and Social Marketingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fear appeals have been used for many years in advertising with varying degrees of success (Ray and Wilkie, 1970;Wheatley and Oshikawa, 1970;Rotfeld, 1988;Burnett and Lunsford, 1994;Latour and Rotfeld, 1997;Witte and Allen, 2000;Chandy et al, 2001;Laroche et al, 2001;Hastings et al, 2004;Mowen et al, 2004;Rossiter and Thornton, 2004). However, Huhmann and Brotherton (1997) found differences in outcomes between fear, guilt, and shame.…”
Section: Emotional Appeals and Social Marketingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Il faut ajouter à cela que les mesures utilisées pour tester le caractère persuasif des messages varient fortement d'une étude à l'autre (attitude, mémorisation, intention, comportement...). Enfin, les contextes des études menées sont très variés (Rotfeld, 1988) : hygiène dentaire (Dembroski, Lasater et Ramirez, 1978 ;Evans et alii, 1970 ;Janis et Feshback, 1953, 1954Leventhal et Singer, 1966), choix d'une assurance-vie (Wheatley et Oshikawa, 1970), sécurité routière (Berkowitz et Cottingham, 1960 ;Leventhal et Niles, 1964), vaccin contre le tétanos (Dabbs et Leventhal, 1966 ;Leventhal, Jones et Trembly, 1966), prévention des comportements tabagiques (Beck et Davis, 1978 ;Insko, Arkoff et Insko, 1965 ;Janis et Terwilliger, 1962 ;Spelman et Ley, 1966), protection des yeux avant une éclipse solaire (Kraus, El-Assal et DeFleur, 1966), mutuelle santé (Burnett, 1981 ;Burnett et Oliver, 1979), sida (Witte, 1994), drogue (Chu, 1966),... Certains comportements sont addictifs (alcool, drogue), d'autres non (sécurité routière, préservatif) ; certains sont le fruit d'une pression sociale forte (tabac, alcool, cannabis), d'autres non (vaccin, assurance vie) ; certains sont très dangereux (tabac = cancer, sida), d'autres non (hygiène dentaire)... Toutes ces différences posent un problème épistémologique : est-il possible de tirer une conclusion valide en partant L'utilisation de la peur dans un contexte de marketing social : état de l'art, limites et voies de recherche 45 de travaux menés dans des contextes et dans des conditions aussi variés ? D'autres chercheurs remettent en cause la validité interne et externe des études décrites plus haut (Rotfeld, 1988 ;Hastings, Stead et Webb, 2004).…”
Section: Critiques Et Limites De Ces Recherchesunclassified
“…However, the majority of subsequent investigations have found evidence of a positive relationship in this regard (Sternthal and Craig, 1974). As a result, marketers have been encouraged to intelligently use this ''neglected' ' communication technique to persuade customers to buy their product (Bumett and Oliver, 1979;Ray and Wilkie, 1970;Spence and Moinpour, 1972;Stuterville, 1970;Wheatley, 1971;Wheatley and Oshikawa, 1970). In explaining the underlying reasons for the effectiveness of certain fear appeals, a number of theoretical viewpoints have been offered.…”
Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%