Abstract:Alcohol-related violence causes substantial death, injury and health problems. The 2004 Global Burden of Disease project estimated that alcohol-attributable violence accounted for 248,000 deaths annually worldwide [1]. As noted by Bellis and Hughes in this issue [2], the link between alcohol and violence has been recognized as far back as the 4th century BC. However, understanding this link and especially how to prevent alcohol-fuelled violence continues to perplex contemporary scientists and policy-makers. Th… Show more
“…For example, a study of a Men's Sheds implied that a decrease in alcohol use in shed members could potentially lead to a decrease in instances of violence, however there was no evidence to show this [10]. Therefore, this study was included as links between alcohol use and violence have already been widely substantiated in public health literature (Bellis & Hughes, ; Graham & Livingston, ).…”
Although men have a lower life expectancy than women, and are more susceptible to illness, they have been found to be less likely to engage in health‐seeking behaviour. Men's Sheds, as a gendered intervention, has been identified as an effective way to engage men in meaningful activity and gain social support from others. However, links between sheds and health and well‐being are not well‐documented, and evidence is lacking of the potential causal pathways to health generation. This study aims to develop a plausible empirically based causal theory of how Men's Sheds influence the health and well‐being of their participants and to set out future research directions to test this theory. Drawing on a scoping review of academic, peer‐reviewed journal articles published between 1990 and 2018, potential causal linkages between shed activity and health and well‐being outcomes are synthesised into a logic model framework. Sixteen relevant peer‐reviewed journal were identified from the academic literature. The data from the articles are predominantly self‐reported, and characterised by small sample sizes and/ or low response rates. Further, information is lacking on the demographics of Men's Shed participants and the contexts in which they exist. Most notably, while there is some evidence on the potential mental health and social well‐being impacts of shed activities, physical health is less documented. The study shows that there is a lack of reliable and systematic evidence of the potential causal pathways between Men's Shed activities and health and well‐being outcomes. In order to address research gaps, further research is required to test and develop the proposed theory and logic model.
“…For example, a study of a Men's Sheds implied that a decrease in alcohol use in shed members could potentially lead to a decrease in instances of violence, however there was no evidence to show this [10]. Therefore, this study was included as links between alcohol use and violence have already been widely substantiated in public health literature (Bellis & Hughes, ; Graham & Livingston, ).…”
Although men have a lower life expectancy than women, and are more susceptible to illness, they have been found to be less likely to engage in health‐seeking behaviour. Men's Sheds, as a gendered intervention, has been identified as an effective way to engage men in meaningful activity and gain social support from others. However, links between sheds and health and well‐being are not well‐documented, and evidence is lacking of the potential causal pathways to health generation. This study aims to develop a plausible empirically based causal theory of how Men's Sheds influence the health and well‐being of their participants and to set out future research directions to test this theory. Drawing on a scoping review of academic, peer‐reviewed journal articles published between 1990 and 2018, potential causal linkages between shed activity and health and well‐being outcomes are synthesised into a logic model framework. Sixteen relevant peer‐reviewed journal were identified from the academic literature. The data from the articles are predominantly self‐reported, and characterised by small sample sizes and/ or low response rates. Further, information is lacking on the demographics of Men's Shed participants and the contexts in which they exist. Most notably, while there is some evidence on the potential mental health and social well‐being impacts of shed activities, physical health is less documented. The study shows that there is a lack of reliable and systematic evidence of the potential causal pathways between Men's Shed activities and health and well‐being outcomes. In order to address research gaps, further research is required to test and develop the proposed theory and logic model.
Cities are increasingly organized according to socio-spatial divisions in which groups with similar characteristics live in the same areas. This social polarization is associated with differences in living conditions, health, morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, 'areas of disadvantage' have also been associated with increased risk of harmful substance use. However, some recent studies suggest that 'areas of affluence' may socialize adolescents into high levels of alcohol consumption. Using a combination of city district-level socio-economic data and surveys of adolescents, we investigated patterns of substance use in different city districts of Oslo, Norway, with the aim to shed more light on these conflicting previous findings. We found that adolescents in the affluent parts of Oslo West reported the highest levels of recreational smoking, snus use and alcohol use. Those in the poorer Oslo Central East reported the highest levels of daily smoking, alcohol problems and cannabis use. After controlling for individual-and family-based risk factors, significant area differences remained, except with regard to alcohol problems and cannabis use. We conclude that adolescents living in affluent areas report the highest use of several psychoactive substances, but in a manner that is usually compatible with a rather health-oriented lifestyle. By contrast, those from socioeconomically disadvantaged districts near the city centre use substances in a manner that may have greater potential for social marginalization, morbidity and mortality.Original Article 3
“…In line with previous work, our findings do indicate that alcohol misuse does contribute to offending behaviour in ex-armed forces personnel in prison. The link between alcohol use and violence in particular has been recognised in both the general population (Graham and Livingston 2011) and military personnel (MacManus et al 2013). Participants in this study with violent index offences were more likely to have screened positively for alcohol misuse in the year before entering prison than were sexual or other offenders.…”
Ex-armed forces represent the largest occupational subset of offenders in prison in England yet we know little about their offending behaviour. 105 veterans in prison were interviewed and their offending histories reviewed. Most were serving their first custodial sentence, predominantly for violent and sexual crimes and had previous convictions recorded: a number had offended before their service. High levels of alcohol misuse and pre-service adversity were found. There were significant differences between offence types: violent offenders were more likely than sexual or other offenders to have offended before service. Findings suggest interventions should focus on violent behaviour and alcohol misuse.
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