The Relationship Between Affective Visual Mismatch Negativity and Interpersonal Difficulties Across Autism and Schizotypal Traits

Ford, Talitha C.; Hugrass, Laila; Jack, Bradley N.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.846961

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One recent finding reports that individuals with schizophrenia showed normal visual MMN elicited by fearful faces but diminished amplitude MMNs elicited by neutral faces (Vogel et al, 2018). A new study has now identified larger visual MMN to happy compared to sad and neutral faces and found that MMN amplitude to the happy faces correlated with schizotypy scores, and interestingly, with measures of autism characteristics, highlighting the difficulty with MMN and specificity of diagnosis (Ford et al, 2022).…”

Section: Visual Sensory Memory Biomarkers Of Symptom Severitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Working Memory and Sensory Memory in Subclinical High Schizotypy: An Avenue for Understanding Schizophrenia?

Haigh

Berryhill

Kilgore-Gomez

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The search for robust, reliable biomarkers of schizophrenia remains a high priority in psychiatry. Biomarkers are valuable because they can track symptom progression and monitor treatment progress, and may predict who is at-risk of developing schizophrenia in the future. Despite the existence of various promising biomarkers that relate to symptoms across the schizophrenia-spectrum, and despite published recommendations encouraging multivariate metrics, they are rarely investigated simultaneously within the same individuals. In those with schizophrenia, the magnitude of purported biomarkers is complicated by comorbid diagnoses, medications, and other treatments. Here, we argue two points. First, we reiterate the importance of assessing multiple biomarkers simultaneously. Second, we argue that investigating biomarkers in those with schizophrenia-related traits (schizotypy) in the general population can accelerate progress in understanding the mechanisms of schizophrenia. We focus on biomarkers of sensory and working memory in schizophrenia and their smaller effects in individuals with nonclinical high schizotypy. We note irregularities across research domains leading to the current situation in which there is a preponderance of data on auditory sensory memory and visual working memory, but markedly less in visual (iconic) memory and auditory working memory. This imbalance is particularly evident when focusing on schizotypy. Together, this review highlights opportunities to address gaps in knowledge. We conclude by highlighting the theory that early sensory memory deficits contribute negatively to working memory and vice versa. This presents a mechanistic perspective where biomarkers may interact with one another and impact schizophrenia-related symptoms.

show abstract

Section: Visual Sensory Memory Biomarkers Of Symptom Severitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Working Memory and Sensory Memory in Subclinical High Schizotypy: An Avenue for Understanding Schizophrenia?

Haigh

Berryhill

Kilgore-Gomez

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One recent finding reports that individuals with schizophrenia showed normal visual MMN elicited by fearful faces but diminished amplitude MMNs elicited by neutral faces (Vogel et al, 2018). A new study has now identified larger visual MMN to happy compared with sad and neutral faces and found that MMN amplitude to the happy faces correlated with schizotypy scores, and interestingly, with measures of autism characteristics, highlighting the difficulty with MMN and specificity of diagnosis (Ford et al, 2022).…”

Section: Sm In Schizophrenia Spectrum Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory and sensory memory in subclinical high schizotypy: An avenue for understanding schizophrenia?

Haigh

Berryhill

Kilgore-Gomez

et al. 2023

Eur J of Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The search for robust, reliable biomarkers of schizophrenia remains a high priority in psychiatry. Biomarkers are valuable because they can reveal the underlying mechanisms of symptoms and monitor treatment progress and may predict future risk of developing schizophrenia. Despite the existence of various promising biomarkers that relate to symptoms across the schizophrenia spectrum, and despite published recommendations encouraging multivariate metrics, they are rarely investigated simultaneously within the same individuals. In those with schizophrenia, the magnitude of purported biomarkers is complicated by comorbid diagnoses, medications and other treatments. Here, we argue three points. First, we reiterate the importance of assessing multiple biomarkers simultaneously. Second, we argue that investigating biomarkers in those with schizophrenia-related traits (schizotypy) in the general population can accelerate progress in understanding the mechanisms of schizophrenia. We focus on biomarkers of sensory and working memory in schizophrenia and their smaller effects in individuals with nonclinical schizotypy. Third, we note irregularities across research domains leading to the current situation in which there is a preponderance of data on auditory sensory memory and visual working memory, but markedly less in visual (iconic) memory and auditory working memory, particularly when focusing on schizotypy where data are either scarce or inconsistent. Together, this review highlights opportunities for researchers without access to clinical populations to address gaps in knowledge. We conclude by highlighting the theory that early sensory memory deficits contribute negatively to working memory and vice versa. This presents a mechanistic perspective where biomarkers may interact with one another and impact schizophrenia-related symptoms.

show abstract

“…To reinforce this expectation, we defined a 2 × 3 matrix of electrodes (PO3, POz, PO4, O1, Oz, O2), based on previous studies (e.g., File et al, 2017File et al, , 2020Yan et al, 2017). To measure vMMN, we adopted the method suggested by Luck and Gaspelin (2017) (see also Ford et al, 2022). According to the method, ERPs to all standards and deviants were collapsed across the six types of scenes on the 2 × 3 matrix of electrodes (PO3, POz, PO4, O1, Oz, O2), and a difference wave vMMN was calculated by subtracting the collapsed standards from the collapsed deviants ("collapsed difference").…”

Section: Recording and Measuring The Electrical Brain Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic change detection: Mismatch negativity and the now-classic Rensink, O’Reagan, and Clark (1997) stimuli

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Change blindness experiments had demonstrated that detection of significant changes in natural images is extremely difficult when brief blank fields are placed between alternating displays of an original and a modified scene. On the other hand, research on the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) component of the event-related potentials (ERPs) identified sensitivity to events (deviants) different from the regularity of stimulus sequences (standards), even if the deviant and standard events are non-attended. The present study sought to investigate the apparent controversy between the experience under the change blindness paradigm and the ERP results. To this end, the stimulus of Rensink, O’Reagen, and Clark (1997) was adapted to a passive oddball ERP paradigm to investigate the underlying processing differences between the standard (original) and deviant (altered) stimuli measured in 22 subjects. Posterior negativity within the 280–330 ms latency range emerged as the difference between ERPs elicited by standard and deviant stimuli, identified as visual mismatch negativity (vMMN). These results raise the possibility that change blindness is not based on the lack of detailed visual representations or the deficiency of comparing two representations. However, effective discrimination of the two scene versions requires considerable frequency differences between them.

show abstract

The Relationship Between Affective Visual Mismatch Negativity and Interpersonal Difficulties Across Autism and Schizotypal Traits

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

Working Memory and Sensory Memory in Subclinical High Schizotypy: An Avenue for Understanding Schizophrenia?

Working Memory and Sensory Memory in Subclinical High Schizotypy: An Avenue for Understanding Schizophrenia?

Working memory and sensory memory in subclinical high schizotypy: An avenue for understanding schizophrenia?

Automatic change detection: Mismatch negativity and the now-classic Rensink, O’Reagan, and Clark (1997) stimuli

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About