The relationship between adiposity, bone density and microarchitecture is maintained in young women irrespective of diabetes status

Abstract

Irrespective of the presence of an underlying metabolic condition, young women display a negative relationship between MRI-measured BMA and DXA-based assessment of BMD. Furthermore, an association between BMA and visceral adiposity supports the notion of a common origin of these two fat depots.

Skeletal Status, Body Composition, and Glycaemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Our results also demonstrate reduced BMC or BMD Z-scores and an impairment of the relationship between the fat and muscle tissue. Several previous studies also investigated this association and found similar results [ 16 – 18 , 20 , 21 , 29 , 44 – 46 , 58 , 59 ]. Our observations of reduced relative bone strength of T1DM patients, and more so in the poor metabolic control patients, have led us to speculate that maintaining such status may be associated with increased risk of fractures later in life.…”

“…It is worth noting that the impairment of the relationship between these components is an important factor in the development of the bone fragility [ 14 , 15 ] and increased risk of fractures [ 22 – 25 ]. Moreover, other studies showed abnormalities of bone microarchitecture, intra-abdominal fat content, and bone fat marrow [ 18 ]. Also regarding the detection of poor glycaemic control, our study observed negative correlations of total body BMD, BMC, and LBM (Z-scores) with increased HbA1c in type 1 diabetes patients.…”

“…The reported results indicate that diabetic bone disease with fragility is another complication of a long-standing disease in patients with T1DM [ 13 , 14 ]. There is evidence confirming an association between glucose utilisation and bone-fat tissue interaction [ 15 – 18 ], as well as the muscle-bone crosstalk [ 19 – 21 ]. The risk of fracture among adult patients with long-standing T1DM is higher compared with an age- and sex-matched non-diabetic control population [ 22 – 24 ], while no relevant data exist on childhood type 1 DM.…”

“…Since the maximum bone mineral accrual occurs during the first two decades of life [ 31 , 32 ], the reduced bone mineral mass gain during these critical periods can lead to serious consequences, in particular, osteoporosis and bone fracture risk in later in life [ 33 ]. In type 1 DM, a failure of bone cells in high-glucose conditions [ 36 ] is associated with abnormal activities of neighbouring cells in bone, such as adipocytes, mesenchymal cells, and endothelial progenitor cells [ 37 ], and may increase influence on adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation [ 16 – 18 ], as well as increased bone marrow adiposity [ 15 , 38 ]. Adipose tissue is a metabolically dynamic organ [ 39 ] that is also an endocrine organ, capable of producing cytokines and adipokines that may regulate bone metabolic homeostasis [ 10 , 13 , 14 ].…”

“…Adipose tissue is a metabolically dynamic organ [ 39 ] that is also an endocrine organ, capable of producing cytokines and adipokines that may regulate bone metabolic homeostasis [ 10 , 13 , 14 ]. Due to the fact that adipose tissue distribution affects bone mass, the relationship between adipose and bone tissue is notable [ 15 , 16 , 18 ]. On the other hand, deteriorated muscle function [ 40 ] might result in adverse effects on skeletal status [ 19 – 21 ].…”