The Relationship Between Adaptation to Disease and Self-care Agency Levels in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. The patients with MS have some difficulties in physical, social, and psychological functions. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the adaptation levels of patients with MS to the disease and their self-care agency levels. METHODS: This study used a descriptive design and was carried out in a university hospital's neurology clinic and outpatient clinic between July 2019 and March 2020. The sample size was determined as 258 using the known universe sampling method. Data were collected using the "Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale," the "Self-Care Agency Scale," and a "Patient Identification Form." Spearmen correlation analysis was used to evaluate the data. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients participating in the study was 41.36 (0.74) years, 74% of them had MS for more than 3 years, 58% had their last attack more than a year ago, and 27% had balance problems. The adaptation levels of patients to the disease (76.79 [0.57]) and their self-care agency (88.42 [1.34]) were slightly higher than the moderate level. A moderate-level, significant, and positive correlation was found between the adaptation level of the patients to the chronic illness and their self-care agency levels (r = 0.310, P = .000). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that there was a moderate-level, significant, and positive correlation between the patients' level of adaptation to MS disease and the level of their self-care agency. We recommend the provision of supportive professional training to patients with MS on their disease.

Patient perspectives about multiple sclerosis: A metaphor study

“…4 Another study reported that pwMS adapt to MS physically and psychologically but not socially. 24 These results highlight the importance of understanding emotional and cognitive processes related to adaptation in accepting the presence of MS. 19 In contrast, some participants accepted the follower aspect of MS and gave it a positive meaning (partner MS). Considering that the adaptation levels of individuals who accept MS are stronger and more consistent, 25 acceptance of the existence of MS is pleasing in that it can help the individual relax psychologically and manage MS more effectively.…”

“…This perception can have a negative impact on pwMS’ meaningful activities (work, social activities) and interactions 19 . However, despite the negative impact, it is possible that the disease can positively affect the mental health of pwMS 24 . For example, the patient's perception of control over their lives or the ability to reappraise their situation positively may lead to better adaptation 19 .…”

“…In one study, pwMS stated that their relationships with their bodies and themselves had changed, that they felt their bodies did not belong to them and that they missed the positive things they felt about themselves 4 . Another study reported that pwMS adapt to MS physically and psychologically but not socially 24 . These results highlight the importance of understanding emotional and cognitive processes related to adaptation in accepting the presence of MS 19 .…”

“…19 However, despite the negative impact, it is possible that the disease can positively affect the mental health of pwMS. 24 For example, the patient's perception of control over their lives or the ability to reappraise their situation positively may lead to better adaptation. 19 In this regard, health professionals can help by recreating valuable interests for pwMS, enabling them to explore their roles and engage in activities.…”