The Relationship between a Country’s Level of Tourism and Environmental Performance

Bojanic, David C.; Warnick, Rodney B.

doi:10.1177/0047287519827394

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The study established a unidirectional Granger causality from real per income capita to carbon emissions. Another study by Bojanic and Warnick (2019) assessed the impact of tourism on greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in Turkey. Interestingly, they found that countries with higher levels of tourism suffer less GHG emissions in contrast to countries that have lesser or no component of tourism as their GDP.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does globalization in Turkey induce increased energy consumption: insights into its environmental pros and cons

Etokakpan

Adedoyin

Yorucu

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Globalization is the paradigm shift to a more integrated world economy broadly shaping economies and societies around the globe. The wave of globalization is much more eminent on its impact on increased energy demand, knowledge and technology transfer, trade, and financial capital flows. The present study focuses on Turkey, a fast-emerging economy that is no exception to the wave of globalization. This current study explores the dynamics between ecological footprints, energy consumption, and real income level for the case of Turkey in a carbon-income function while accounting for other covariate like globalization to avoid omitted variable bias. The study data spans from 1970 to 2017 on an annual frequency basis. The stationarity properties of the outlined variables were investigated. Subsequently, the equilibrium relationship between the variables is confirmed by the battery of recent robust estimation techniques. While to detect the causality of direction among the variables, the Modified Wald test causality test is utilized. This study reveals that an increase in energy consumption in Turkey reduces environmental pollution by a magnitude of 0.37% in the short run and 0.43% long run, while an increase in economic expansion dampens the quality of the environment 0.42% and 0.72% on both short and long-run basis. This is indicative given that Turkey is more energy conscious and energy efficient, while a positive statistically significant relationship is observed between real income level and ecological footprint and globalization index. The causality analysis also supports the growth-induced energy consumption hypothesis. The study further offers policy direction for the energy sector in Turkey in the face of global interconnectedness.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does globalization in Turkey induce increased energy consumption: insights into its environmental pros and cons

Etokakpan

Adedoyin

Yorucu

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Recently, Gozgor et al (2019) have criticized the lack of investigation of tourism research into formal institutions and propose a framework that links national legal systems to the development of the tourism sector. Their study, together with other cross-country studies of formal institutions such as those of Ghalia et al (2019), Wu and Wu (2019), Detotto, Giannoni, and Goavec (2021) and Bojanic and Warnick (2020) are based on a (strong) assumption that a country's legal systems are homogeneously effective across every region. In other words, they assume that national formal institutions (such as laws and Journal of Travel Research 00(0) regulations) are equivalently effective across all regions within a country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Local Environmental Governance Improve Tourism Companies’ Performance? Evidence from Vietnam

Nguyen

2021

Journal of Travel Research

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Institutions (rules of law) are important to tourism activities. However, national institutions cannot become effective when the execution of rules of law is inconsistent at the local levels. This study thus examines the role of local governance arrangements on the performance of tourism companies, focusing on environmental governance quality. Utilizing institutional theory, we propose a U-shaped relationship between tourism performance and environmental governance. When environmental governance arrangements are initially implemented, the performance of local tourism companies may be negatively affected due to institutional conflicts. However, as new environmentally responsible values are gradually institutionalized, the performance of the local tourism sector will improve. Analyzing more than three thousand tourism companies in Vietnam in 2018 using instrumental variable technique to control for endogeneity, we find some evidence to support the U-shaped function. Also, it is found that the U-shaped effect is stronger on foreign inbound tourists than on domestic tourists.

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“…Lenzen et al (2018) estimate that the tourism carbon footprint increased from 3.9 to 4.5 GtCO 2 , accounting for 8% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. Tourism development is therefore more carbon intensive than previously believed, and it has a higher pollution propensity than other industries that could potentially be targeted for economic development (Bojanic and Warnick 2019). Successfully addressing this challenge requires not only a shift toward a more sustainable trajectory for both the tourists and the industry but also the engagement of scholars with wider debates in the social sciences regarding the economy-pollution nexus (Bramwell 2015;Bramwell et al 2017;Holmes, Dodds, and Frochot 2019;Knezevic Cvelbar, Gru¨n, and Dolnicar 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism Carbon Kuznets-Curve Hypothesis: A Systematic Literature Review and a Paradigm Shift to a Corporation-Performance Perspective

Papavasileiou

Tzouvanas

2020

Journal of Travel Research

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Since the introduction of the carbon Kuznets-curve hypothesis in the mid-1990s, the inverted U–shaped relationship between economic development and carbon emissions has remained a subject of debate in the social sciences. We engage tourism research in this debate, in a fourfold manner. First, we offer a systematic literature review concerning the role of tourism in the carbon Kuznets-curve hypothesis using a protocol-based reporting process. Second, we present the level of consensus with the carbon Kuznets-curve hypothesis and the conceptual gaps in the identified literature (n = 22). Third, we introduce an emerging concept, offering a novel tourism corporate/performance orientation to the carbon Kuznets-curve hypothesis. Fourth, we provide evidence of empirical validity using different econometric techniques from an international tourism corporation (n = 86) data set (2005–2018). The inverted U–shaped relationship between measures of economic and carbon performance among tourism corporations is a robust result under many different specifications.

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The Relationship between a Country’s Level of Tourism and Environmental Performance

Cited by 41 publications

References 53 publications

Does globalization in Turkey induce increased energy consumption: insights into its environmental pros and cons

Does globalization in Turkey induce increased energy consumption: insights into its environmental pros and cons

Does Local Environmental Governance Improve Tourism Companies’ Performance? Evidence from Vietnam

Tourism Carbon Kuznets-Curve Hypothesis: A Systematic Literature Review and a Paradigm Shift to a Corporation-Performance Perspective

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