The Relationship Between 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Its Metabolite Changes With Post-stroke Depression

Gu, Shanqiang; Zheng-ming, HE; Xu, Qiuyue; Dong, Jie; Xiao, Tingwei; Liang, Fei; Ma, Xiao‐Jun; Wang, Fushun; Huang, Jason H.

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.871754

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 200 publications

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“…Disgust is the least studied basic emotions; recently, a growing number of studies suggest that disgust plays a significant role in our lives and in many psychological disorders [ 35 , 36 ]. Many experiments have confirmed the reward function of DA and the mood arousal function of NE, but the relationship between serotonin (5-HT) and depression is much more important, for most current antidepressants are targeting 5-HT [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Monoamine Neurotransmitters Mediate Three Core Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogenesis of pre-perimenopausal depression is also suggested to be related to reduced levels of estrogen (estradiol, E2), and E2 replacement therapy has been used to treat perimenopausal depression [ 130 ]. However, recent studies have found that E2 has little effect on perimenopausal depression; instead, estrogen deficiency-induced female depression might be related to 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) deficiency [ 36 ]. In addition, luteinizing hormone (LH) is significantly altered during the menstrual cycle, perinatal, and perimenopausal periods, which may be the main cause of depression [ 131 ].…”

Section: Monoamines and Neuroendocrinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Monoamine Neurotransmitters Control Basic Emotions and Affect Major Depressive Disorders

Jiang

Zou

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and complex mental disorder, that adversely impacts an individual’s quality of life, but its diagnosis and treatment are not accurately executed and a symptom-based approach is utilized in most cases, due to the lack of precise knowledge regarding the pathophysiology. So far, the first-line treatments are still based on monoamine neurotransmitters. Even though there is a lot of progress in this field, the mechanisms seem to get more and more confusing, and the treatment is also getting more and more controversial. In this study, we try to review the broad advances of monoamine neurotransmitters in the field of MDD, and update its effects in many advanced neuroscience studies. We still propose the monoamine hypothesis but paid special attention to their effects on the new pathways for MDD, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, neurotrophins, and neurogenesis, especially in the glial cells, which have recently been found to play an important role in many neurodegenerative disorders, including MDD. In addition, we will extend the monoamine hypothesis to basic emotions; as suggested in our previous reports, the three monoamine neurotransmitters play different roles in emotions: dopamine—joy, norepinephrine—fear (anger), serotonins—disgust (sadness). Above all, this paper tries to give a full picture of the relationship between the MDD and the monoamine neurotransmitters such as DA, NE, and 5-HT, as well as their contributions to the Three Primary Color Model of Basic Emotions (joy, fear, and disgust). This is done by explaining the contribution of the monoamine from many sides for MDD, such the digestive tract, astrocytes, microglial, and others, and very briefly addressing the potential of monoamine neurotransmitters as a therapeutic approach for MDD patients and also the reasons for its limited clinical efficacy, side effects, and delayed onset of action. We hope this review might offer new pharmacological management of MDD.

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Section: Monoamine Neurotransmitters Mediate Three Core Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monoamines and Neuroendocrinementioning

confidence: 99%

Monoamine Neurotransmitters Control Basic Emotions and Affect Major Depressive Disorders

Jiang

Zou

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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“…Previously, we originally proposed the “Three Primary Color Model of Basic Emotions”, trying to differentiate the functions of these three monoamines. We hypothesized that the three monoamines work differently to make three distinct emotions, as in the three primary colors [ 74 , 75 ]. Here, we further propose that their effects in treating MDD are also different in that catecholamine can directly induce emotional arousal, while 5-HT can induce sedation and sleep.…”

Section: Monoamines and The Glymphatic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monoamine neurotransmitters are perfectly suited to the regulation of mitochondria in the brain, and enhancing the energy supply function, and mitochondria have recently been found to play a pivotal role in emotional arousal. Emotion arousal can induce NE release in the locus coeruleus and also in other monoamine neurotransmitters [ 75 ]. However, a side-effect of monoamine release is enhancing neural activity through the parallel activation of both neuronal mitochondria and astrocytic clearance to establish a synergistic mechanism of antagonizing ROS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.…”

Section: Monoamines and The Glymphatic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glymphatic Dysfunction Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuro-Inflammation in Major Depression Disorders

Jiang

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Major Depression disorder (MDD) is a potentially life-threatening mental illness, however, many patients have a poor response to current treatments. Recent studies have suggested that stress- or trauma-induced oxidative stress and inflammation could be important factors involved in the development of MDD, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We showed that the glymphatic system is a recently discovered structure in the brain that may be involved in the clearance of large molecular and cell debris in extracellular space. In addition, the glymphatic system can help with the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines such as IL-1β and HIF-1α. Glymphatic impairment can lead to ROS accumulation in the microenvironment, inducing cellular injury signaling and activating NLRP3 in microglia to induce inflammation and, thus, many brain diseases, including psychiatric disorders. Therefore, trauma-induced glymphatic impairment could induce oxidative stress and inflammation, and thus MDD. This paper will review recent advances with regard to stress-induced glymphatic system impairment and ROS-mediated inflammation in MDD.

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“…Due to changes in their body, they cannot get over their symptoms on their own [7]. Another study demonstrated that due to damage of nerve cells, chances of brain hemorrhage increased multiple times [8,9]. Depression doesn't only effect brain, it weakens heart, immune system and musculoskeletal system Late life depression showed more harmful effects as compared to early life depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Effects of Early Onset Depression and Late-Life Depression on Human Body

Farooq¹,

Mir²,

Ali³

et al. 2022

PJMHS

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Late-life depression is considered as one of the features of older age instead of a treatable disease. This under recognition of this major disorder leads to multiple visits of patients to different medical consultants with different clinical presentations. This research aimed to find out the relevance of age of onset of depression with its serious life-threatening output like brain hemorrhage, suicide etc. Methods: Then if divide it according to its classifications, there will be two types of depression, first one is early-onset depression that happens before 60 years of age and second one is late-life depression that occurs in elderly 60 years of age or above. Age of onset matters alot while making diagnosis or treating depression because of the differences in treatment response and complications. Depression is directly linked with brain and start effecting whole body including. As the day’s passes, it effects more our brain and body as compared to previous day. 196 patients are taken as sample and divide them into different groups according to early and late life depression. Results: After the research, according to the results that are generated as patients with late life depression show more harmful effects and leads to brain hemorrhage as compared to those who was diagnosed during early-onset of depression. Conclusion: It is concluded that these hemorrhage and nervous disorder does not occur with early onset of depression but with late onset depression.

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The Relationship Between 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Its Metabolite Changes With Post-stroke Depression

Cited by 15 publications

References 200 publications

Monoamine Neurotransmitters Control Basic Emotions and Affect Major Depressive Disorders

Monoamine Neurotransmitters Control Basic Emotions and Affect Major Depressive Disorders

Glymphatic Dysfunction Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuro-Inflammation in Major Depression Disorders

Comparison of Effects of Early Onset Depression and Late-Life Depression on Human Body

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