The relationship and functional links between human age, growth, and biomedical implants: A review on the application of bulk and nanomaterials

Abstract

Biomaterials are synthetic materials used in making devices for replacing parts of a living being and to function efficiently while interacting with living tissue. Contrary to orthodox medicine in which damaged parts are amputated, the emergence of biomaterials has changed the trend. Different biomaterials including biomedical implants are being developed for different uses within the biomedical field. Thus, biomedical implants are a rapidly advancing class of biomaterials that are currently used for the replacement of diseased parts or damaged tissues in the human body which may be either soft or hard tissues. These materials are developed to meet the structural and biocompatibility needs; hence, they are expected to be safe and acceptable to the human body system as the patient grows. Therefore, the age group and growth rate of the patients that need biomedical implants are parts of the critical factors that required adequate attention. Accordingly, this paper reviews the effects of the human age group and growth on the characteristics and responses of biomedical implants developed from bulk or nanomaterials for use in the human body system. Since, growth is a function of the age group in humans, and the three major age groups respond to growth at different rates, thus, the need to pay adequate attention to this. The review provides suitable information on the demand from each age group and provides the necessary guides on the selection of appropriate biomaterials with respect to age and growth. Hence, the need to have classifications of implants referring to; childhood implants, adolescent implants, and adult implants that focused on challenges that are common to each group.

Optimizing Biomedical Facilities Performance with Dombeya Fiber-Paper Particle Hybrid Reinforced Epoxy Composites

“…This positive trend suggests that the reinforcing effects of Dombeya fibers and paper particles contribute to improved hardness, potentially enhancing the suitability of the composite for applications where resistance to surface penetration is crucial. This finding implies a favorable combination of hardness properties in the biocomposite, which is advantageous for composite development [1]. The effective interfacial adhesion between the fibers/particles and the epoxy matrix, the uniform dispersion of Dombeya fibers within the matrix, and the method of reinforcing the paper particles within the polymer matrix are all responsible for the observed improvement.…”

“…Notably, the 3wt% and 6wt% reinforced biocomposites demonstrated superior water resistance properties. Hydrophilic behavior might be caused by insufficient wettability and interfacial adhesion between the fibers/fillers and the polymer matrix, as previous studies have shown [1], [29]. Consequently, Dombeya fiber/paper-particle-hybridreinforced biocomposites could find applications in areas where water resistance is crucial.…”

“…The Polymer composites, alternatively referred to as polymer matrix composites (PMCs), are distinguished multimaterial polymer systems consisting of a plethora of materials with diverse characteristics that are integrated into a polymer system, functioning as a parent or base matrix to exhibit exceptional physical, mechanical, and chemical capabilities. Polymer matrix composites are endowed with extraordinary mechanical and physiochemical attributes while possessing an incredibly low weight compared to mere polymer materials [1]. PMCs fabrication process relies heavily on the matrix material, which serves as a crucial load distributor among the reinforcement materials during the application of external pressure.…”

Maxillofacial Prosthesis and Dental Implantation for Cosmetics and Remodeling: A Systematic Mini Review on the Influence of Age on Dental and Facial Implants

“…However, part of the reason for low dental implantation demand at this age group can based on the fact that the teeth at this stage are usually temporary, and if removed, the possibility of it been replace naturally with permanent teeth is certain. Also, based on human activities, children are less susceptible to human-induced hazards compared to adolescents and adults [15] . The use of implants in this stage is only in rare cases, especially if the patient has an underlying disease like Leukemia or cancer, which is still a whole controversy in the medical field.…”

Characterization of animal shells-derived hydroxyapatite reinforced epoxy bio-composites

“…Recently, different biomaterials, including biomedical implants, are being developed for different uses within the biomedical field. 7 Due to the growing need for biomaterials, researchers are now converting available agricultural wastes to biomaterials in large quantities. 8 The emergence of agro-wastes for the production of hydroxyapatite serves as an alternative inorganic source for bones and tooth replacement due to their similar biomineral constituents.…”