The relationship among violence victimization, witnessing violence, and youth distress

Howard, Donna E.; Feigelman, Susan; Li, Xiaoming; Cross, Sheila; Rachuba, Laura

doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00404-4

Cited by 70 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Gang membership and illegal activity exhibited the strongest associations. This is consistent with prior research that shows a high degree of overlap between victimization and violence perpetration (Hawke, Janichill & De Leon 2003;Howard et al 2002;Feigelman et al 2000). The effect size among victimization and highrisk sex behaviors reached the threshold of clinical significance.…”

Section: Victimization and High-risk Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Approximately one-third of AfricanAmerican adolescents live in economically depressed and socially marginalized neighborhoods, resulting in regular exposure to high rates of violence (Paxton et al 2004). These are key factors that contribute to violence perpetration and victimization (McCart et al 2005;Howard et al 2002). Such conditions also give rise to using violence as a response to the ongoing pressures and threat of violence (Feigelman et al 2000), which further complicates the problem of responding to and preventing victimization.…”

Section: Abstract Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment; Adolescent VImentioning

confidence: 99%

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Victimization Among African-American Adolescents in Substance Abuse Treatment

Perron

Gotham

Cho

2008

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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Victimization is regarded as a significant public health issue, especially among adolescents in urban areas. Although victimization is linked to substance use, the research on victimization among adolescents in treatment is underdeveloped. Given the high rate of victimization among African-American adolescents, further research on the prevalence and correlates of victimization for this population is needed. This knowledge can guide the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies. This study contributed to the research by examining the rate and different types of victimization among a sample of African-American adolescents in an urban substance abuse treatment program, testing whether victimization is associated with increased levels of psychopathology and high-risk behaviors; and comparing the rates and associations with existing studies of adolescent victimization. It reports on a sample of 259 African-American adolescents receiving substance abuse treatment in an inner-city program. Fifty-four percent of the subjects reported lifetime victimization. Severity of victimization was associated with depression, generalized anxiety disorder, traumatic stress disorder, and conduct disorder, although the effect sizes were relatively small. Lifetime victimization exhibited a relationship of small to moderate strength with high-risk behaviors (i.e., illegal activity, gang membership, multiple sex partners and unprotected sex). Service implications and recommendations for future research are provided. Keywords adolescent substance abuse treatment; adolescent victimization; adolescent violenceVictimization is the experience of direct or threatened harm, including physical violence, sexual violence, psychological or emotional abuse, and neglect (CDC 2007). Victimization among adolescents is a recognized public health concern, which motivated an in-depth report by the Office of the US Surgeon General (US DHHS 1999 The rate of victimization among African-American adolescents can be explained, in part, by their broader social and environmental conditions. Approximately one-third of AfricanAmerican adolescents live in economically depressed and socially marginalized neighborhoods, resulting in regular exposure to high rates of violence (Paxton et al. 2004). These are key factors that contribute to violence perpetration and victimization (McCart et al. 2005;Howard et al. 2002). Such conditions also give rise to using violence as a response to the ongoing pressures and threat of violence (Feigelman et al. 2000), which further complicates the problem of responding to and preventing victimization. ASSOCIATIONS WITH VICTIMIZATIONThe significance of victimization as a public health issue is further supported by its consistent relationships with various psychological and psychosocial problems. It is widely established that victimization can be a traumatic life event, challenging an individual's resources and negatively impacting developmental processes (Kaukinen 2002). A large body of research shows that vict...

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Section: Victimization and High-risk Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Abstract Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment; Adolescent VImentioning

confidence: 99%

Victimization Among African-American Adolescents in Substance Abuse Treatment

Perron

Gotham

Cho

2008

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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“…Estes efeitos negativos têm sido explicados não apenas pelo facto de os filhos das vítimas assistirem à situação de abuso (Howard, Feigelman, Li, Cross, & Rachuba, 2002), mas também pela perturbação que a violência doméstica contra mulheres introduz no funcionamento biopsicossocial das vítimas, o que afecta os seus comportamentos parentais e as suas interacções com os filhos. Como é descrito pelo modelo do perpetrador sequencial, os comportamentos das mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica para com os filhos (nomeadamente as práticas parentais) são significativamente afectados pelo abuso (Coohey, 2004).…”

Section: Auto-regulação Da Aprendizagem Em Filhos De Vítimas De Violêunclassified

Auto-regulação da aprendizagem em crianças e adolescentes filhos de vítimas de violência doméstica contra mulheres

Preto¹,

Moreira²

2012

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoA violência doméstica contra mulheres afecta negativamente o desenvolvimento de alguns domínios de auto-regulação. Contudo, pouco se conhece sobre o seu impacto na auto-regulação da aprendizagem. Este estudo avaliou a auto-regulação da aprendizagem em 50 filhos de vítimas de violência doméstica contra mulheres. O grupo de filhos de vítimas apresentou níveis inferiores de rendimento académico. O grupo de filhos de vítimas simultaneamente de violência psicológica e física registou níveis inferiores nas dimensões de Avaliação e Execução de auto-regulação da aprendizagem. Estes resultados suportam as evidências de que a exposição à violência doméstica afecta negativamente o desenvolvimento da auto-regulação. Para além disso, sugerem que a exposição a violência familiar afecta negativamente também algumas dimensões da auto-regulação da aprendizagem. Palavras-chave: Violência na família, auto-regulação, aprendizagem, aprendizagem auto-regulada. AbstractDomestic violence against women has a negative impact on several domains of self-regulation. However, very little is known about its impact on self-regulated learning. This study evaluated self-regulation of learning in children and adolescents exposed to domestic violence. Fifty children and adolescents, whose mothers were victims of domestic violence and 50 whose mothers were not, participated in the study. The group of children and adolescents whose mothers were victims of intimate partner violence registered lower academic performance and the group exposed simultaneously to psychological and physical violence registered lower scores on the self-regulation dimensions of evaluation and execution. The results support the evidence that exposure to domestic violence has a negative impact on self-regulation. Also, they suggest that exposure to domestic violence has a negative impact in some dimensions of self-regulated learning.

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“…Adolescents, especially male ones, are more susceptible than children to conflicts outside the family environment. [8][9][10] Whereas children are often spectators of urban violence, adolescents may play the role of witnesses, victims and even perpetrators. [10][11][12] Intrinsic characteristics of children and adolescents may mediate their exposure to urban violence and the development of negative outcomes.…”

Section: Risk and Protective Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10] Whereas children are often spectators of urban violence, adolescents may play the role of witnesses, victims and even perpetrators. [10][11][12] Intrinsic characteristics of children and adolescents may mediate their exposure to urban violence and the development of negative outcomes. Some skills are cited, such as the ability to control their own emotions, to solve problems, to feel accepted by their families and by the community where they live and the quality of the relationship with their caregivers.…”

Section: Risk and Protective Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violência urbana: um desafio para o pediatra

Phebo¹,

Moura²

2005

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Suggested citation: Phebo L, de Moura AT. Urban violence: a challenge for pediatricians. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(5 Suppl):S189-S196. AbstractObjectives: To present the main aspects of an approach to urban violence among children and adolescents and to point out the social and educational role of pediatricians.Sources of data: A literature review based on MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO was carried out for the years 1993 to 2005, using the following keywords: urban violence, children and adolescents. In addition to the review, policies and institutional reports on violence were also analyzed. Summary of the findings:The causal relationship of violence is presented in a range of different ways, from personal points of view to broader structural aspects. The literature suggests that urban violence results from varied actions, and also from specific risk behaviors. It is a worrying and complex phenomenon that results in high levels of morbidity and mortality, affecting children and adolescents. Special attention was given to homicide and to the psychological results of violent acts. Firearms are the most lethal instruments among adolescents and young males when compared to all other causes of death.Conclusions: Urban violence is one of the main social problems in Brazil. Violence prevention requires intersectoral and multiprofessional actions with the participation of the government and of the organized civil society. Children, and above all adolescents, are the groups that are most widely exposed to the consequences of urban violence. Pediatricians can have an important role in the process of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Through their wide-ranging abilities, pediatricians are well-positioned to help victims and their families to establish a healthy and dynamic relationship with their environment and with themselves.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(5 Suppl):S187-S196: Children, adolescents, homicide, firearms.

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The relationship among violence victimization, witnessing violence, and youth distress

Cited by 70 publications

References 25 publications

Victimization Among African-American Adolescents in Substance Abuse Treatment

Victimization Among African-American Adolescents in Substance Abuse Treatment

Auto-regulação da aprendizagem em crianças e adolescentes filhos de vítimas de violência doméstica contra mulheres

Violência urbana: um desafio para o pediatra

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