The Relationship Among Funding Sources for Art and History Museums

Hughes, Patricia; Luksetich, William A.

doi:10.1002/nml.10103

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…This is consistent with most studies on arts and culture nonprofits, although it is notable that Hughes and Luksetich (1999) found a crowding-in relationship between state funding to history museums and private giving.…”

Section: Cpb Appropriation (Millions Of 2001 Dollars)supporting

confidence: 89%

Private Philanthropy and the Economics of Public Radio

Brooks

2001

SSRN Journal

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Public radio in the United States receives both direct and indirect government funding.Direct subsidies come in the form of lump-sum and matching grants, while indirect subsidies proceed from tax revenues foregone on deductible private donations. Each of these sources of government money impacts charitable giving to public radio. This paper estimates both of these effects, using data on a national sample of public radio stations in the United States from 1990-96. I find that public funding to stations has a positive impact on private giving, but this impact rapidly decreases as the level of government subsidies increases, ultimately becoming negative.The analysis also indicates that increases in state tax rates correspond with higher donation levels. This paper explores the implications of these and other findings for policymakers, public administrators, and nonprofit managers.

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Section: Cpb Appropriation (Millions Of 2001 Dollars)supporting

confidence: 89%

Private Philanthropy and the Economics of Public Radio

Brooks

2001

SSRN Journal

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“…Smith and Ehrenberg (2003) find that alumni giving decreases when the current percentage of female students at the university increases. Hughes and Luksetich (1999) find that total private contributions to art museums are higher in states with a higher proportion of the population voting Republican in presidential elections. In contrast, Bielefeld, Rooney & Steinberg (2005) find no support for a link between political color of a state and individual giving.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Results of empirical studies testing for crowding out effects show that crowing out may exist, but is often less than perfect: a $1 dollar increase in governmental spending decreases private giving with less than $1. Some studies find no crowding out effect at all (Brooks 1999;Kropf & Knack 2003;Marcuello & Salas 2001;Reece 1979) and some studies even find crowding in-effects (Brooks 2003c;Diamond 1999;Hughes & Luksetich 1999;Khanna et al 1995;Khanna & Sandler 2000;Okten & Weisbrod 2000;Schiff 1985;. One study found that increased government support was correlated with a higher number of donors but with lower average private contributions (Brooks 2003a).…”

Section: Altruismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generosity and Philanthropy: A Literature Review

Bekkers¹,

2007

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We present an overview of the academic literature on philanthropy, divided in two parts. In part one, we discuss the question of who gives how much; in part two, we discuss the question of why people give. In part one, we survey the literature on characteristics of individuals and households that are related to giving. In part two, we identify eight mechanisms as the most important forces that drive giving: (1) awareness of need; (2) solicitation; (3) costs and benefits; (4) altruism; (5) reputation; (6) psychological benefits; (7) values; (8) efficacy. We evaluate the progress in the almost 500 studies we reviewed and suggest directions for future research on philanthropy.

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“…Similar measures of organizational output and region characteristics are used by some studies as instruments for government support (Brooks 1999;Khanna and Sandler 2000;Payne 2001) and by another study as instruments for private giving (Becker and Lindsay 1994). Hughes and Luksetich (1999) use the same set of variables as instruments for both public and private funding sources in different 2SLS regression models. If a prerequisite for a valid instrumental variable is that it is correlated with X but not with Y or its error term (Morgan and Winship 2007), it is striking that the same kind of variables are used for both government support and charitable giving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Government Support and Charitable Donations: A Meta-Analysis of the Crowding-out Hypothesis

Wit

Bekkers

2016

JOPART

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Wright for their extensive and useful comments. A previous version of this meta-analysis was presented at the 42nd ARNOVA Annual Conference in Hartford, CT (USA). 2 Government Support and Charitable Donations: A Meta-Analysis of the Crowding-Out Hypothesis ABSTRACTWith the growing body of literature on governance styles in which nonprofit organizations are involved in creating and implementing public services, there is a need for robust evidence on the effects of public funding on nonprofit revenues. This paper systematically reviews previous studies on the crowding-out hypothesis, which holds that private charitable donations are lower in situations of higher government support and vice versa. We find that about two-thirds of previous estimates find a negative correlation (crowding-out), while one third of the estimates find a positive correlation (crowding-in). The results are strongly shaped by the research methods that are used. In experiments, a $1 increase in government support is associated with an average $0.64 decrease in private donations, while non-experimental data analyses find an average increase of $0.06. Random-effects regression models show that, contrary to arguments that are prevalent in the literature, studies that take subsidies to organizations as a measure of government support are more likely to estimate crowding-out than studies that use a measure of direct government expenditures. Central government support is associated with higher charitable donations, while measures that include multiple levels of government tend to find negative correlations. The results challenge the consistency of prior research findings and demonstrate the contextual dependence of the validity of the crowding-out hypothesis.

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The Relationship Among Funding Sources for Art and History Museums

Cited by 48 publications

References 6 publications

Private Philanthropy and the Economics of Public Radio

Private Philanthropy and the Economics of Public Radio

Generosity and Philanthropy: A Literature Review

Government Support and Charitable Donations: A Meta-Analysis of the Crowding-out Hypothesis

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