The Relations of the Cruceni-Belegiš Culture with the Zuto Brdo–Gârla Mare Culture

Abstract

The archaeological investigations concerning the Bronze Age within the area of the Middle and Lower Danube demonstrated the existence of an ethnical-cultural complex characterized through a series of common elements that suggest the relationship among the different ethnical-cultural manifestations within this area. The main common denominator is the ceramics whose ornamentation consists in motifs executed through printing, incision, notches and successive stitches. The motifs were inlayed with white substance. The funerary common ritual, respectively the cremation, the anthropomorphical statues, the bird-shaped representations and the clay little bells suggest similar religious beliefs.

COMPARING METHODS FOR CO2PURIFICATION OF CREMATED BONE SAMPLES

“…From the 10 selected samples two pairs, AAR-31653 and AAR-31654 and also AAR-31656 and AAR-31657, are double burials from two different burial grounds: Voiteni (groapa de împrumut lut, Romania) and Vojlovica (Rafineria nafte-nekropola II, Serbia), respectively (Bukvic ´2000;Daróczi 2015;Szentmiklosi 2021). In both instances, the remains of the two cremated individuals were placed in separate urns and the two urns were deposited in a single pit, clearly recognisable by a homogenous, undisturbed fill during the excavation (Daróczi et al 2023).…”

Naselja brončanog i željeznog doba na položaju Osijek – Ciglana i Zeleno polje

“…4: 1, 3-4;5: 1-2;7: 1-2;8: 2-10;9: 1-2, 6-9;10: 1-4;2012: 132, 138-140, Fig. 117-118;124-125, 156-157;162;174;177;179-182), and mutual imports are noticeable in the much wider area of the middle Danube and Banat (Szentmiklosi 2006). However, the fact is that in that entire area, as well as in the wider area of eastern Slavonia and western Syrmia, considered to be the territory of the Belegiš culture, no grave of the early phase of this culture was discovered so far.…”

Banatian DeathMetals: Radiocarbon Dating of Cremation Burials of the Setting Bronze Age and Dawning Iron Age

“…The most common body treatment practice is cremation, with the remains either in an urn placed in a pit or simply strewn in a pit without a receptacle. Most often they are located on small knolls, slightly elevated over the surrounding, flat area, which was prone to either occasional or seasonal floods (Motzoi-Chicideanu 2011; Daróczi 2015; Szentmiklosi 2021). A major synoptic study on the prehistoric funerary landscapes of the ECB defined the archeco-zones as the unique associations of changing Holocene environmental variables (vegetation, animals, geomorphology, hydrology, and climate) modelled for archaeological purposes.…”

“…The best example of this lack of absolute dates is the region of Banat, especially during the LBA and EIA, where a recent synoptic study listed only four settlements with a total of ten radiocarbon dates, of which most of the samples are from charred, long-lived wood (Szentmiklosi 2021, 84). More importantly, none of the LBA graves was dated.…”