The relations of ependyma to neurons and capillaries in the hypothalamus: A Golgi‐Cox study

Bleier, Ruth

doi:10.1002/cne.901420404

Cited by 87 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A unitary explanation of the above findings in the monkey is that the osmoreceptors of Verney are probably the specialized ependymal cells innervated by dendrites, which are known to occur in the anterior third ventricle (Bleier, 1971;Weindl & Joynt, 1972;Dellmann & Simpson, 1975;McKenna & Rosenbluth, 1975;Millhouse, 1975). Scanning electron microscopic observations have shown that the surface of the choroid plexus and distinct areas known as the circumventricular 80 PRIMATE OSMORECEPTOR AND ADH RELEASE organs are free of cilia, while major parts of the ventricular ependyma are covered by a dense layer of cilia in rabbit, cat and squirrel monkey (Weindl & Joynt, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Osmoreceptors or sodium receptors: an investigation into ADH release in the rhesus monkey.

Swaminathan¹

1980

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. ADH secretion was studied in trained, preoperated conscious monkeys undergoing water diuresis after administration of isosmolar hypertonic solutions of different substances into any one of the following sites: (i) anterior third ventricle, (ii) the hypothalamus, just anterior to the third ventricle and (iii) common carotid artery.2. Free water clearance was continuously monitored and the ADH released was measured by bio-assay on the same animals after administering graded doses of standard arginine vasopressin in a comparable manner.3. Intraventricular infusions of hypertonic solutions of NaCl or Na acetate released significant amounts of ADH while sucrose or mannitol of comparable osmolality were ineffective. Graded increases in the concentration of NaCl infused into the c.s.f. resulted in secretion of ADH proportional to log Na concentration.4. Infusion of the same hypertonic solutions into the anterior hypothalamus released ADH, though Na salts were more effective than the sugars.5. Hypertonic solutions of NaCl, Na acetate, sucrose or mannitol were effective in releasing ADH when injected via the carotid artery, but hypertonic solutions of NaCl were significantly more effective than the other solutions.6. These findings may be explained by the hypothesis that the 'osmoreceptors' of Verney are Na sensitive receptors composed of dendrites innervating the specialized ependyma of the anterior part of the third ventricle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Osmoreceptors or sodium receptors: an investigation into ADH release in the rhesus monkey.

Swaminathan¹

1980

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Both have a soma located near the ventricle and a long elongated projection to a blood vessel [38][39][40][41] ; both are thought to derive from embryonic radial glia 5,14,42 ; both express Nestin and divide infrequently. Intriguingly, in the unchallenged mouse, a-tanycytes do not share the highly active neurogenic properties of the type B1 astrocyte, but instead are gliogenic (this paper; also see Wang et al 5 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-Tanycytes of the adult hypothalamic third ventricle include distinct populations of FGF-responsive neural progenitors

et al. 2013

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Emerging evidence suggests that new cells, including neurons, can be generated within the adult hypothalamus, suggesting the existence of a local neural stem/progenitor cell niche. Here, we identify a-tanycytes as key components of a hypothalamic niche in the adult mouse. Long-term lineage tracing in vivo using a GLAST::CreER T2 conditional driver indicates that a-tanycytes are self-renewing cells that constitutively give rise to new tanycytes, astrocytes and sparse numbers of neurons. In vitro studies demonstrate that a-tanycytes, but not b-tanycytes or parenchymal cells, are neurospherogenic. Distinct subpopulations of a-tanycytes exist, amongst which only GFAP-positive dorsal a2-tanycytes possess stem-like neurospherogenic activity. Fgf-10 and Fgf-18 are expressed specifically within ventral tanycyte subpopulations; a-tanycytes require fibroblast growth factor signalling to maintain their proliferation ex vivo and elevated fibroblast growth factor levels lead to enhanced proliferation of a-tanycytes in vivo. Our results suggest that a-tanycytes form the critical component of a hypothalamic stem cell niche, and that local fibroblast growth factor signalling governs their proliferation.

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“…One ex- (Fig. 4) niques (39,41,43). They also contain the astrocyte-specific protein GFAP (31,32,(34)(35)(36)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49).…”

Section: Mahley Personal Communication)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tanycytes occur within the wall of the third ventricle in the region between the optic chiasm and the pituitary (37,41,43,46). Pituicytes occur among the neural cell process within the neural stalk and lobe of the pituitary (47,48 deep into the brain were not reactive, whereas processes from tanycytes in the floor of the ventricle reaching into the area of the median eminence were reactive.…”

Section: Mahley Personal Communication)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E associated with astrocytic glia of the central nervous system and with nonmyelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system.

Boyles¹,

Pitas²,

Wilson³

et al. 1985

J. Clin. Invest.

741

416

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The plasma protein apolipoprotein (apo) E is an important determinant of lipid transport and metabolism in mammals. In the present study, immunocytochemistry has been used to identify apo E in specific cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems of the rat. Light microscopic examination revealed that all astrocytes, including specialized astrocytic cells (Bergmann glia of the cerebellum, tanycytes of the third ventricle, pituicytes of the neurohypophysis, and Muller cells of the retina), possessed significant concentrations of apo E. In all of the major subdivisions of the central nervous system, the perinuclear region of astrocytic cells, as well as their cell processes that end on basement membranes at either the pial surface or along blood vessels, were found to be rich in apo E. Extracellular apo E was present along many of these same surfaces. The impression that apo E is secreted by astrocytic cells was confirmed by electron microscopic immunocytochemical studies, which demonstrated the presence of apo E in the Golgi apparatus. Apo E was not present in neurons, oligodendroglia, microglia, ependymal cells, and choroidal cells. In the peripheral nervous system, apo E was present within the glia surrounding sensory and motor neurons; satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglia and superior cervical sympathetic ganglion as well as the enteric glia of the intestinal ganglia were reactive. Apo E was also present within the nonmyelinating Schwann cells but not within the myelinating Schwann cells of peripheral nerves. These results suggest that apo E has an important, previously unsuspected role in the physiology of nervous tissue.

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The relations of ependyma to neurons and capillaries in the hypothalamus: A Golgi‐Cox study

Cited by 87 publications

References 47 publications

Osmoreceptors or sodium receptors: an investigation into ADH release in the rhesus monkey.

Osmoreceptors or sodium receptors: an investigation into ADH release in the rhesus monkey.

α-Tanycytes of the adult hypothalamic third ventricle include distinct populations of FGF-responsive neural progenitors

Apolipoprotein E associated with astrocytic glia of the central nervous system and with nonmyelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system.

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