The relations of emotionality and regulation to dispositional and situational empathy-related responding.

Eisenberg, Nancy; Fabes, Richard A.; Murphy, Bridget C.; Karbon, Mariss; Maszk, Pat; Smith, Melanie C.; O’Boyle, Cherie; Suh, Karen

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.776

Cited by 486 publications

(442 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…A potential key process might be the ability to regulate this self-oriented distress elicited by viewing another's pain 8,34,36 . In the present study, observers' distress is likely an automatic response to another's pain, which in later stages may be regulated by contextual and individual difference variables 32,35 , enabling other-oriented emotions to prevail 22,30,35,72,77 51 , it would be interesting to replicate the findings in participants with a close relationship, e.g. couples or parent-child dyads.…”

Section: Self-report Datamentioning

confidence: 77%

Negative Emotional Responses Elicited by the Anticipation of Pain in Others: Psychophysiological Evidence

Caes

Uzieblo

Crombez

et al. 2012

The Journal of Pain

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Limited evidence is available about factors influencing observers' anticipatory emotional responses to another's pain. We investigated fear and distress towards the threat of pain in others, and the moderating role of observers' psychopathic traits and catastrophizing about own or other's pain. Thirty-six dyads of healthy participants were randomly assigned to either the role of observer or observed participant. Both participants were instructed that one coloured slide (blue or yellow) signalled that a pain stimulus could possibly be delivered to the observed participant (= pain signal), whereas no pain stimulus would be delivered when a differently coloured slide was presented (= safety signal). Observers' self-reported fear, fearpotentiated startle and corrugator EMG activity during pain and safety signals were measured. Furthermore, observers rated the presence of pain after each trial allowing assessment of observers' perceptual sensitivity to other's pain. Results indicated that selfreported fear, fear-potentiated startle and corrugator EMG activity were augmented during pain signals compared to safety signals. Moreover, these negative emotional responses were heightened in observers highly catastrophizing about other's pain, but reduced in observers with heightened psychopathic traits. Psychopathic traits were also related with a diminished perceptual sensitivity to other's pain. The results are discussed in light of affectivemotivational perspectives on pain.

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Section: Self-report Datamentioning

confidence: 77%

Negative Emotional Responses Elicited by the Anticipation of Pain in Others: Psychophysiological Evidence

Caes

Uzieblo

Crombez

et al. 2012

The Journal of Pain

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show abstract

“…The findings also suggest that individual differences in the development of EC predict sympathy in early to mid adolescence. Individuals who respond with emotion to others' plight but cannot modulate their emotional arousal are believed, and have been found, to experience personal distress, at least in evocative situations in which empathic individuals would be expected to experience relatively high levels of vicariously induced negative emotion (Eisenberg et al, 1994.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that children who are impulsive are less inhibited about reporting sympathy and/or more likely to acknowledge their emotional experience. Adults who are somewhat emotional, even if they are well regulated, are relatively likely to experience or report sympathy (e.g., Eisenberg et al, 1994). However, this explanation is speculative and should be tested further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relations of effortful control and impulsivity to children's sympathy: A longitudinal study

Eisenberg

Michalik

Spinrad

et al. 2007

Cognitive Development

Self Cite

107

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The relations of children's (n = 214 at Time 1; M age = 6 years at Time 1) dispositional sympathy to adult-reported and behavioral measures of effortful control (EC) and impulsivity were examined in a longitudinal study including five assessments, each two years apart. Especially for boys, relatively high levels of EC and growth in EC were related to high sympathy. Teacher-reported impulsivity was generally modestly negatively related to measures of teacher-reported sympathy for boys, and a decline in impulsivity was linked to boys' sympathy. Some findings suggested a positive association between impulsivity and children's self-reported sympathy. EC, especially when reported by teachers, was more often a unique predictor of sympathy than was impulsivity. Results generally support the argument that sympathetic individuals, especially boys, are high in EC and that EC is a more consistent predictor of sympathy than impulsivity.

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“…Indeed, results of several empirical studies indicate that emotional reactivity and regulation act jointly (e.g., Eisenberg et al, 2001Eisenberg et al, , 1993 Eisenberg, Guthrie et al, 1997; Eisenberg, Fabes et al, 1997;Fabes et al, 1999;Rothbart, Ahadi, & Hershey, 1994). For example, Eisenberg et al (1996) reported that first to third grade children who were high in negative emotionality and low in regulation were prone to externalizing behavior problems, with the effect of regulation being stronger for those high in negative emotionality. Likewise, Eisenberg et al (1993) found that high emotional intensity and low (attention) regulation were associated with low social skills and low sociometric (peer) status in preschool children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of emotional reactivity and regulation to childhood stuttering

Karrass¹,

Walden²,

Conture³

et al. 2006

Journal of Communication Disorders

173

193

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The purpose of the present study was to examine relations between children's emotional reactivity, emotion regulation and stuttering. Participants were 65 preschool children who stutter (CWS) and 56 preschool children who do not stutter (CWNS). Parents completed the Behavior Style Questionnaire (BSQ) [McDevitt S. C., & Carey, W. B. (1978). A measure of temperament in 3-7 year old children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines,19,[245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252][253]. Three groups of BSQ items measuring emotional reactivity, emotion regulation, and attention regulation were identified by experts in children's emotions. Findings indicated that when compared to their normally fluent peers, CWS were significantly more reactive, significantly less able to regulate their emotions, and had significantly poorer attention regulation, even after controlling for gender, age, and language abilities. Findings suggest that the relatively greater emotional reactivity experienced by preschool children who stutter, together with their relative inability to flexibly control their attention and regulate the emotions they experience, may contribute to the difficulties these children have establishing reasonably fluent speech and language.Learning outcomes-The reader should be able to (1) define emotional reactivity and emotion regulation, (2) explain how emotional reactivity and emotion regulation relate to preschool stuttering, and (3) understand recent empirical evidence linking reactivity and regulation to preschool stuttering.Despite an extensive literature in psychology regarding emotional reactivity and regulation (see Eisenberg & Fabes, 1992, for a review) and an equally extensive literature in speechlanguage pathology regarding stuttering (e.g., Bloodstein, 1995; Conture, 2001; Guitar, 1998), in recent years there has been relatively little intersection between speech-language pathology approaches to stuttering and psychological approaches to emotion, stress and coping (for early, notable exceptions, see Fitzsimons, 1960, and Brutten & Shoemaker, 1967). This is unfortunate given that emotional reactivity and regulation have been shown to influence a wide range of developmentally important outcomes such as communication (Dixon & Shore, 1997;Dixon & Smith, 2000;Karrass & Braungart-Rieker, 2003;Paul & Kellogg, 1997), school performance (Ialongo, Edelsohn, & Kellam, 2001), and psychopathology (Eisenberg et al., 1993; Eisenberg, Fabes et al., 1997) in children who do not stutter.Given the relations among emotional reactivity and regulation and communicative development, there is reason to expect that reactivity and regulation may influence childhood stuttering, or at least possibly exacerbate or maintain the problem. This expectation is consistent with recent reviews and findings from empirical studies regarding the emotional development and behavior of children who stutter (e.g., Anderson, Pellowski, Conture & Kelly, 2003; Embrechts, Ebben, Franke & van de Poel, 1998; Wakaba, 19...

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The relations of emotionality and regulation to dispositional and situational empathy-related responding.

Cited by 486 publications

References 64 publications

Negative Emotional Responses Elicited by the Anticipation of Pain in Others: Psychophysiological Evidence

Negative Emotional Responses Elicited by the Anticipation of Pain in Others: Psychophysiological Evidence

The relations of effortful control and impulsivity to children's sympathy: A longitudinal study

Relation of emotional reactivity and regulation to childhood stuttering

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