The relations between specific measures of simulated driving ability and functional ability: New insights for assessment and training programs of older drivers

Cuenen, Ariane; Jongen, Ellen; Brijs, Tom; Brijs, Kris; Lutin, Mark; Vlierden, Karin Van; Wets, Geert

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2015.05.007

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…The findings regarding the importance of cognitive function to LDW effectiveness in particular for older drivers support the message of many earlier studies on driving safety. Namely, several domains of functioning including vision, motor function, and distinct aspects of cognition should be considered in identifying those drivers who could stand to benefit from ADAS 6,24,25,53 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in cognitive functioning predict effectiveness of a heads-up lane departure warning for younger and older drivers

Aksan

Sager

Hacker

et al. 2017

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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The effectiveness of an idealized lane departure warning (LDW) was evaluated in an interactive fixed base driving simulator. Thirty-eight older (mean age = 77 years) and 40 younger drivers (mean age = 35 years) took four different drives/routes similar in road culture composition and hazards encountered with and without LDW. The four drives were administered over visits separated approximately by two weeks to examine changes in long-term effectiveness of LDW. Performance metrics were number of LDW activations and average correction time to each LDW. LDW reduced correction time to re-center the vehicle by 1.34 seconds on average (95% CI = 1.12–1.57 seconds) but did not reduce the number of times the drivers drifted enough in their lanes to activate the system (LDW activations). The magnitude of reductions in average correction RT was similar for older and younger drivers and did not change with repeated exposures across visits. The contribution of individual differences in basic visual and motor function, as well as cognitive function to safety gains from LDW was also examined. Cognitive speed of processing predicted lane keeping performance for older and younger drivers. Differences in memory, visuospatial construction, and executive function tended to predict performance differences among older but not younger drivers. Cognitive functioning did not predict changes in the magnitude of safety benefits from LDW over time. Implications are discussed with respect to real-world safety systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in cognitive functioning predict effectiveness of a heads-up lane departure warning for younger and older drivers

Aksan

Sager

Hacker

et al. 2017

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…As a result, senior driver control their driving experience and develop a more defensive and cautious driving behaviour as they grow older. The senior drivers are commonly involved in collisions often because they misjudge the speed or distance of other vehicles or fail to see a hazard (Chevalier et al, 2016;Cuenen et al, 2016;Devlin & McGillivray, 2016;National Institute on Aging et al, 2011). From the driving simulation results, it shows that the 'more complex' of road design makes wayfinding more difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Airport Wayfinding and Signage on Senior Driver Behaviour and Safety of Airport Road Access Design

Anuar

Pagliari

Moxon

2017

JATS

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different wayfinding provision on senior driving behaviour and road safety. A car driving simulator was used to model scenarios of differing wayfinding complexity and road design. Three scenario types were designed consisting of 3.8 miles of airport road. Wayfinding complexity varied due to differing levels of road-side furniture. Experienced car drivers were asked to drive simulated routes. Forty drivers in the age ranges: 50 to 54, 55 to 59 and those aged over 60 were selected to perform the study. Participants drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The driver performance was compared between age groups. Results were analysed by Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA Test, and discussed with reference to the use of the driving simulator. The ANOVA confirmed that age group has a correlation between road design complexity, driving behaviour and driving errors.

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“…These non-parametric, observational measures lack the subtlety to monitor different elements of driver skill (e.g. Cuenen et al, 2016) and lack the sensitivity to monitor subtle fluctuations in driving performance which may have important diagnostic potential (e.g. Bunce, Young, Blane, & Khugputh, 2012).…”

Section: Testing Visual Function For Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking to the future of visual assessment using driving simulation

Wilkie

Mole

2017

Scand J Optom Vis Sci

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Visual function is considered uniquely important for driving because it provides multiple critical sources of information that when combined ensures successful steering. There are, however, additional cognitive functions that are essential for the driver to be able to dynamically respond to the world and make predictions about the scene, as well as the behaviour of other road users. Given the complexity of driving through a busy urban environment it should be no surprise that simple tests of visual acuity seem to have weak explanatory power in terms of increased crash risk when driving. Despite this, fitness to drive still includes a formal assessment of visual acuity, with poor scores being used to revoke the driving licence. The "gold standard" measure of driving ability remains the on-road driving test but compared to visual tests they are fairly uncontrolled, susceptible to great variation depending on the road conditions, and are unable to reliably detect subtle visual deficits. To address some of the limitations of these existing tests we use examples from two simulator settings (steering control and hazard detection) that highlight the merits of using driving simulation in order to control the visual conditions and probe specific functional capabilities of drivers. When used in conjunction with visual tests these methods will not only determine whether the core functions of driving are intact but also be able to provide richer feedback to individuals about the nature of their deficits. There are many exciting possibilities using simulation techniques to establish predictive relationships between routine visual testing and driving performance, ultimately aiming for better, more reliable assessment of fitness to drive. SammendragSynsfunksjonen betraktes som enestående viktig for bilkjøring fordi den bidrar til flere kritiske informasjonskilder som sammen sikrer trygg kontroll av bilen. Men det finnes i tillegg andre kognitive funksjoner som er nødvendige for at en bilfører skal kunne reagere dynamisk og kunne forutse både hendelser i trafikkbildet og andre trafikanters handlinger. Tatt i betraktning kompleksiteten av å kjøre i trafikkerte, tettbygde strøk, er det ikke overraskende at en enkel test av synsstyrke sjelden kan forklare fullstendig risikoen for kollisjoner ved bilkjøring. Til tross for dette brukes fortsatt synsstyrke som et mål i den formelle undersøkelsen når man skal avgjøre om en person er egnet til å føre motorvogn, og dårlige resultater på synstesten fører til inndragelse av førerkortet. Kjøreevne måles fortsatt med praktisk prøve, men sammenlignet med tester av synsfunksjonen er disse prøvene vanskelige å kontrollere, sterkt varierende avhengig av veiforholdene, og ikke i stand til å avsløre små synsdefekter. For å studere noen av begrensningene ved disse eksisterende prøvene bruker vi eksempler fra to simulatorsettinger (styrekontroll og evne til å oppdage fare) som viser fordelene med å bruke kjøresimulator for å kontrollere synsforholdene og teste bestemte funkjonelle ferdighet...

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The relations between specific measures of simulated driving ability and functional ability: New insights for assessment and training programs of older drivers

Cited by 29 publications

References 63 publications

Individual differences in cognitive functioning predict effectiveness of a heads-up lane departure warning for younger and older drivers

Individual differences in cognitive functioning predict effectiveness of a heads-up lane departure warning for younger and older drivers

An Evaluation of Airport Wayfinding and Signage on Senior Driver Behaviour and Safety of Airport Road Access Design

Looking to the future of visual assessment using driving simulation

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