“…Individual papers may consider structures more complex than Figure 2. Variations include proliferating the number of supply chains or the number of parties in any of the layers in the supply chain, which highlights the effects of competition (Bolandifar et al 2016, Chen et al 2012, Corbett and Karmarkar 2001, Feng and Lu 2012, Grahovac et al 2015, Lin et al 2014) or pooling (Belavina and Girotra 2012, Plambeck and Taylor 2005, Ulku et al 2005, as well as adding layers to the supply chains (Belavina and Girotra 2012, Bolandifar et al 2016, Dong et al 2016, Kayıs et al 2013, Lin et al 2014, Savaskan et al 2004, Wang et al 2014, Yang and Babich 2015.…”