The relation of the microglia with the pericytes in the cat cerebral cortex

Baron, Margarita; Gallego, Antonio

doi:10.1007/bf00306887

Cited by 104 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…we need to repeat here that there is unnecessary confusion over the term pericyte and the exact cell it is supposed to represent within the CNS. As Barron et al [1974] described, and we observed, "proper pericytes' have quite dis tinctive features similar to those classically described [Moral and Fernando, 1964: Baron and Gallego, 1972: Markov and Dimova, 1974: Ibrahim, 1974a, p. 461: Stensaas, 1975, namely nongranular cells covered entirely by base ment membrane and having typical wide cisterns of granular ER and broad nuclear envelopes, with wide nuclear pores, studded with ribosomes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

The mast cells of the mammalian central nervous system

Mz¹,

Me²,

Bahuth³

1979

Cells Tissues Organs

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The brains of young adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied with the electron microscope to determine the full ultrastructural picture of two types of perivascular granular cell. One of these, referred to here as the type I cell and described by both light and electron microscopy by several authors, including ourselves, has been reported to be a mast cell (MC) almost identical to MCs outside the CNS. The other, referred to here as the type II cell and described by many authors under almost as many names, was dealt with fully by Ibrahim in several reports and regarded by him as a type of MC. It is felt that the results warrant the conclusions that the type I cells are indeed MCs, while the type II cells are closely allied to the type I cells and probably better adapted to the function they subserve in the CNS of mammals. The similarities between the two cell types probably outnumber the dissimilarities and even these have their counterparts in MCs outside the CNS. The problem of the possible confusion between the type II cells and macrophages, whether reportedly within vessel walls or in the form of modified or special ‘pericytic’ microglia, is discussed. It is concluded that there is no justification for regarding these cells as macrophages. Because of the similarity between the type II cells and MCs, and because of the high lipid content of the type II cells, it is suggested that these elements be called neurolipomastocytes or neurolipomastocytoid cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

The mast cells of the mammalian central nervous system

Mz¹,

Me²,

Bahuth³

1979

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…Mori and Leblond (1969) suggested that pericytes could be one source of microglia based upon their observation of silver carbonate-stained cells on the capillary wall that resembled microglia in morphology. A number of other investigators have subsequently lent support to this notion (Baron and Gallego, 1972;Brichova, 1972;Sturrock, 1974;Hager, 1975;Boya, 1976), though Imamoto and Leblond (1978) reported they could find no evidence that pericytes migrated into brain tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vault immunofluorescence in the brain: new insights regarding the origin of microglia

Chugani¹,

Kedersha²,

Rome³

1991

J. Neurosci.

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The developmental appearance of ameboid and ramified microglia in the rat brain has been examined by immunofluorescent localization of vaults, recently described ribonucleoprotein particles (Kedersha and Rome, 1986a). Vaults are distinct, multiarched structures of unknown function expressed by higher and lower eukaryotic species. Although vaults have been detected in all mammalian cells examined to date, they are highly enriched in macrophages. In the brain, vault antisera is highly specific for both ameboid and ramified microglia. The developmental profile of vault immunoreactivity in rat brain slices suggests that microglia enter the brain at 2 locations, with different time scales for each. The first migration, which begins before embryonic day 15 and subsides between postnatal days 7 and 14, was identified by vault immunoreactivity and Bandeiraea simplicifolia B4- isolectin (a microglia marker) staining. The cells appear to enter from blood vessels and display a ramified morphology as soon as they are detected in the brain. The second microglial migration occurs in the first postnatal week, when ameboid microglia appear in the corpus callosum and other large fiber tracts. Ameboid microglia appear to differentiate into ramified microglia between postnatal days 4 and 14. Vault immunoreactivity, as a very early microglial marker, provides new insight regarding the much-debated origin of the ramified microglia. It is quite clear that ameboid cells are not the sole source of ramified microglia because ramified cells can be detected before the influx of ameboid microglia. Colocalization studies with monocyte/macrophage markers ED1 and OX42 demonstrate that both ramified and ameboid microglia originate from monocyte lineage.

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“…In contrast, some researchers believe that microglia are derived from neuroectodermal matrix cells that differentiate locally into microglia (Chan et al, 2007). Others suggested that microglia originate from pericytes (Baron and Gallego, 1972) or from the subependyma adjacent to the lateral ventricles (Lewis, 1968). Although the myelomonocytic origin of microglia has now been widely accepted, the neuroectodermal hypothesis remains interesting from an historical point of view.…”

Section: One Side Of the Coin: Embryonic Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia in the CNS: Immigrants from another world

Prinz

Mildner

2010

Glia

206

159

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Microglia are immunocompetent cells of the brain that continuously survey their environment with highly motile extensions. Although first described almost a century ago, the developmental origin of microglia is still debated. Besides early myeolomonocytic cell populations that colonize the developing neuroectoderm already during embryogenesis, newly migrated myeloid cells are considered important disease modulators in the adult brain. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of myeloid cell recruitment from the periphery and their development into bone marrow-derived phagocytes in the adult brain is pivotal for manipulating immune cell entry into the CNS and potentially reducing disease burden. A major question is whether bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes have similar features and fates as their endogenous counterparts. Significant advances in our understanding of microglia biology under physiological as well as under pathological conditions have been made in the last few years, especially by combining novel gene-targeting techniques that allow cell manipulation and trafficking analysis. These new aspects will be discussed in the present review. V V C

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The relation of the microglia with the pericytes in the cat cerebral cortex

Cited by 104 publications

References 17 publications

The mast cells of the mammalian central nervous system

The mast cells of the mammalian central nervous system

Vault immunofluorescence in the brain: new insights regarding the origin of microglia

Microglia in the CNS: Immigrants from another world

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