The relation of size of stimulus and intensity in the human eye: I. Intensity thresholds for white light.

Graham, C. H.; Brown, Robert; Mote, F. A.

doi:10.1037/h0060530

Cited by 150 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This is equivalent to the average difference between foveal and peripheral luminance when the two targets are of equal brightness. As with the functions derived from magnitude estimations, the decibel separation can be seen to increase as the eccentricity of The filled symbols are threshold measurements: the circles are the averages of the thresholds measured in this study, the triangles are from Hecht, Haig , and Wald (1935), the diamonds from Graham. Brown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Brightness as a function of retinal locus

Marks

1966

Perception & Psychophysics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…5 measurements made by Hecht, Haig, and Wald (1935), Graham, Brown, and Mote (1939), and Zigler and Wolf (1958). The measurements by Zigler and Wolf have all been lowered by 10 dB, since their stimulus presentation was of brief (40 msec.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brightness as a function of retinal locus

Marks

1966

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…14). Hecht and Mintz, in line with the results emanating from Grahams' laboratory (Graham et al, 1939), recognized that the physical variable responsible for the detection threshold is not the height in the middle, but the light deficit integrated over the retinal summation zone, which extends for several minutes of arc in the fovea. The conceptual separation of optical spread and retinal summation in analyzing visual processing became paradigmatic for future research in this area.…”

Section: Fig 7 Relationship Between Retinal Location Of a Peripheramentioning

confidence: 76%

Specifying and controlling the optical image on the human retina

Westheimer

2006

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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A review covering the trends that led to the current state of knowledge in the areas of:(a) schematic models of the eye, and the definition of the retinal image in terms of first-order optics; (b) the description of the actual image on the retina and methods for accessing and characterizing it; (c) available procedures for controlling the quality of the retinal image in defined situations; and (d) intra-receptoral optical effects that cause differences between the light distribution on the retinal surface and at the level of interaction with photopigment molecules.

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“…The relative contributions of elements is a power function of their distance from the center of the target with those elements at the center contributing the most and those farthest from the center the least. Kincaid, Blackwell, and Kristofferson (1960) have modified Graham et al's (1939) theory slightly. Instead of making the arbitrary assumption that the element contribution function obeys a power law they empirically derived the function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the earliest visual detection theories was formulated by Graham, Brown, and Mote (1939), The total area of detection target is considered to be composed of many unit elements of area with the contribution of each of these elements a function of their distance from the center of the target. The relative contributions of elements is a power function of their distance from the center of the target with those elements at the center contributing the most and those farthest from the center the least.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%