The Relation of Riboflavin to Growth and Curled-toe Paralysis in Chicks

An Unexpected High Requirement of Chicks for Pyridoxine

“…In this case, the chicks used were from a cross of Barred Plymouth Rock males and New Hampshire females. In contrast to this is the evidence that the riboflavin requirement of White Leghorns up to the same age is satisfied by 300 to 325 micrograms per 100 grams of feed (Norris, Wilgus, Ringrose, Heiman, and Heuser, 1936;Heuser, Wilgus, and Norris, 1938;Bethke and Record, 1942). In the experience of Culton and Bird, as in the present experiment, it is possible that the compositions or treatments of the basal diets may have contributed to the results obtained.…”

“…In the experience of Culton and Bird, as in the present experiment, it is possible that the compositions or treatments of the basal diets may have contributed to the results obtained. This is especially so since Bethke and Record (1942) reported no essential difference in the riboflavin requirements of White Leghorns and Barred Plymouth Rocks by New Hampshire cross-breds maintained on a purified diet. Bauernfeind, Norris, and Heuser (1942) found that Rhode Island Red chicks require about 12 percent less pantothenic acid in the ration than do White Leghorns.…”

The Use of Crystalline Riboflavin and of Supplementary Choline in Starting and Growing Rations for Turkeys

“…This aspect has received considerable attention in the case of chicks, and numerous reports of the equivalent efficiency of riboflavin from the two sources for growth and the prevention of curled-toe paralysis have been published (Stokstad and Manning 1938;Sloan 1941;Bethke and Record 1942;Clandinin et al 1943;E. V. Evans et al 1943).…”

Use of Crystalline Riboflavin in Practical Poultry Rations.

“…Lepkovsky and Jukes (1936) reported increased growth in chicks and poults when crystalline riboflavin was added to riboflavin-deficient rations and Stokstad and Manning (1938) found that crystalline riboflavin prevented curled toe paralysis in chicks. Crystalline riboflavin and concentrated forms of naturally-occurring riboflavin were shown by Bethke and Record (1942) to be equally effective in growth stimulation and protection against curled toe paralysis. In studies of the use of distillers' by-products in growing chick rations, Sloan (1941) compared the efficacy of distillers' dried grains and distillers' dried solubles with that of crystalline riboflavin, and in one of his experiments, the result from a single group, in which crystalline riboflavin replaced all the distillers' solubles and skimmilk, indicated that this substitution was acceptable for growing chicks up to four weeks of age.…”