The Relation of Respiration of Fishes to Environment

Powers, Edwin B.

doi:10.2307/1943217

Cited by 42 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…The value of K is greater for less soluble gases. Powers (1932) suggested that bubbles of oxygen gas might carry inert gases into the swim-bladder. nitrogen, Wyman et al were able to calculate the thickness of the water shell surrounding the bubble.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Secretion of Inert Gas Into the Swim-Bladder of Fish

Wittenberg

1958

The Journal of General Physiology

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The composition of the gas mixture secreted into the swim-bladders of several species of fish has been determined in the mass spectrometer. The secreted gas differed greatly from the gas mixture breathed by the fish in the relative proportions of the chemically inert gases, argon, neon, helium, and nitrogen. Relative to nitrogen the proportion of the very soluble argon was increased and the proportions of the much less soluble neon and helium decreased. The composition of the secreted gas approaches the composition of b e gas mixture dissolved in the tissue fluid. A theory of inert gas secretion is proposed. It is suggested that oxygen gas is actively secreted and evolved in the form of minute bubbles, that inert gases diffuse into these bubbles, and that the bubbles are passed into the swim-bladder carrying with them inert gases. Coupled to a preferential reabsorption of oxygen from the swim-bladder this mechanism can achieve high tensions of inert gas in the swim-bladder. The accumulation of nearly pure nitrogen in the swim-bladder of goldfish (Carassius auratus) is accomplished by the secretion of an oxygen-rich gas mixture followed by the reabsorption of oxygen.The entry of gases into the swim-bladder of fish has been recognized as an active process, that is a process requiring work, for over one hundred and fifty years. Both oxygen and chemically inert gases, e.g. nitrogen and argon, can be brought into the bladder against a large concentration gradient. The present study establishes the mechanism of transport of chemically inert gases into the swim-bladder.The primary function of the secretory mechanism is clearly the transport of oxygen gas into the swim-bladder, since oxygen may comprise over 90 per cent of the gases contained in the swim-bladders of fish captured from great depths, and the oxygen tension in their swim-bladders is commonly greater than

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Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Secretion of Inert Gas Into the Swim-Bladder of Fish

Wittenberg

1958

The Journal of General Physiology

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“…Blood-oxygen equilibria can be used to gain insights into a fish's functional capacity and consequently its potential environmental limits (Powers 1932;Grigg 1974;Cech et al 1994). Typically, active fishes inhabiting oxygen-rich water have a more sigmoidal-shaped bloodoxygen equilibrium curve and larger Bohr (CO 2 and pH-related) factors (Cameron 1971;Cech et al 1984;Dobson et al 1986), which help maintain oxygen delivery during activity when tissue pH declines and oxygen demand increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and carbon dioxide on green sturgeon blood–oxygen equilibria

2006

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There are three Northeast Pacific Rivers still supporting spawning populations of green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, but all have been modified hydrologically and thermally by dam construction. Age 1-to 3-year-old green sturgeon, progeny of artificially spawned, wildcaught Klamath River adults, were used to assess the effects of temperature and carbon dioxide on critical hematological parameters related to evolutionary adaptations of this species to its physical environment. In vitro measurement of the effect of temperature and carbon dioxide on bloodoxygen affinity and equilibrium curve shape yielded the following data for the respective temperature treatments (11, 15, 19, and 24°C):half-saturation values (P 50 's, kPa, a measure of affinity) 1.26, 1.44, 1.63, 1.69 for low-PCO 2 treatments and 2.08, 2.41, 2.74, 2.94 for high-PCO 2 treatments; Bohr factors -0.322, -0.327, -0.366, -0.536; and non-bicarbonate buffer values (slykes) -6, -3, -5, -8. Temperature sensitivities (DH, kJ mol O 2 -1 ) between these respective temperatures were -34.20, -15.24, -6.74 for low-PCO 2 treatments and -20.05, -27.00, and -11.55 for the high-PCO 2 treatments. These data suggest that juvenile green sturgeon may tolerate moderate environmental hypoxia, moderate aerobic activity, low to moderate hypercapnia, and moderate temperature changes in their environments.

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“…Blood-oxygen equilibria can be used to gain insights into a fish's functional capacity and consequently its potential environmental limits (Powers 1932;Grigg 1974;Cech et al 1994). Typically, active fishes inhabiting oxygen-rich water have a more sigmoidal-shaped blood-oxygen equilibrium curve and larger Bohr (CO 2 and pH-related) factors (Cameron 1971;Cech et al 1984;Dobson et al 1986), which help maintain oxygen delivery during activity when tissue pH declines and oxygen demand increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and carbon dioxide on green sturgeon blood–oxygen equilibria

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are three Northeast Pacific Rivers still supporting spawning populations of green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, but all have been modified hydrologically and thermally by dam construction. Age 1-to 3-year-old green sturgeon, progeny of artificially spawned, wild-caught Klamath River adults, were used to assess the effects of temperature and carbon dioxide on critical hematological parameters related to evolutionary adaptations of this species to its physical environment. In vitro measurement of the effect of temperature and carbon dioxide on blood-oxygen affinity and equilibrium curve shape yielded the following data for the respective temperature treatments (11, 15, 19, and 24°C): half-saturation values (P 50 's, kPa, a measure of affinity) 1.26, 1.44, 1.63, 1.69 for low-PCO 2 treatments and 2.08, 2.41, 2.74, 2.94 for high-PCO 2 treatments; Bohr factors )0.322, )0.327, )0.366, )0.536; and non-bicarbonate buffer values (slykes) )6, )3, )5, )8. Temperature sensitivities (DH, kJ mol O 2 )1 ) between these respective temperatures were )34.20, )15.24, )6.74 for low-PCO 2 treatments and )20.05, )27.00, and )11.55 for the high-PCO 2 treatments. These data suggest that juvenile green sturgeon may tolerate moderate environmental hypoxia, moderate aerobic activity, low to moderate hypercapnia, and moderate temperature changes in their environments.

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The Relation of Respiration of Fishes to Environment

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

The Secretion of Inert Gas Into the Swim-Bladder of Fish

The Secretion of Inert Gas Into the Swim-Bladder of Fish

Effects of temperature and carbon dioxide on green sturgeon blood–oxygen equilibria

Effects of temperature and carbon dioxide on green sturgeon blood–oxygen equilibria

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