The relation of mouth protectors to cranial pressure and deformation

Hickey, Judson C.; Morris, Alvin L.; Carlson, Loren D.; Seward, T.

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1967.0145

Cited by 130 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This separation was posited to create a ''recoil'' space and is the basis for the hypothesis that 3-mm-thick intraoral appliances can attenuate transmitted forces to the cranial vault from a blow to the chin. Another historical and highly referenced study used to support the attenuation claim was conducted by Hickey et al, 130 who monitored intracranial pressure in cadavers after an impact to the chin. These historical studies have been criticized for their poor methodologic quality and a lack of the experimental rigor necessary for making causal inferences.…”

Section: Mouthguard Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preventing and Managing Sport-Related Dental and Oral Injuries

Gould

Piland

Caswell

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Objective: To provide athletic trainers, health care professionals, and all those responsible for the care of athletes with clinical recommendations for preventing and managing sportrelated dental and oral injuries.Background: Participation in competitive sports continues to grow at both the interscholastic and intercollegiate levels. Therefore, exposure to, and the incidence of athletic-related injury, including orofacial injury, will also likely increase. At the time of this writing, the leading governing agencies for interscholastic (National Federation of State High School Associations) and intercollegiate (National Collegiate Athletic Association) sports require only protective orofacial equipment (eg, mouthguards) for 5 and 4, respectively, of their sanctioned sports. Although orofacial injuries represent a small percentage of all sport-related injuries, the financial burden associated with these injuries (eg, tooth avulsion) can exceed $15 000 over an adult life. Therefore, effective management of sport-related dental injuries is critical to the long-term financial, physical, and emotional health of people who have experienced dental trauma.Recommendations: Based upon the current evidence regarding sport-related orofacial injury, we provide recommendations related to planning considerations, education, and mouthguard efficacy, material, fabrication, and care considerations. Additionally, suggested best practices for managing sport-related dental injury are also given for athletic trainers and other health care professionals.

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Section: Mouthguard Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preventing and Managing Sport-Related Dental and Oral Injuries

Gould

Piland

Caswell

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This material complies with the international standards that regulate the fabrication of mouthguards and have demonstrated satisfactory results under compressive and shear forces, in addition to having a low cost (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

[No Title Available]

et al. 2007

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In the present investigation, an experimental dental arch model fabricated in epoxy was assayed in Kratos universal testing machine to study the mechanical behavior of ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in the form of mouthguard for sports and flat plate. The following variables were considered: thickness (3 and 4-mm plates), temperature (room and mouth temperature) and presence/absence of artificial saliva. Mechanical properties of EVA were tested under compressive strength: apparent absorbed energy (J.mm-1), maximum tension (N.mm-1), maximum dislocation (mm) and maximum strength (N). Data were recorded and modeled mathematically. Regarding the absorbed energy, maximum tension and maximum force, it was verified that the higher the thickness of the mouthguards, the better the results of force dissipation and redirection to the system and to several regions of the dental arch. In the presence of saliva and close to mouth temperature, the material responded positively to these alterations, resenting increased ductibility as well as improved mechanical responses. Regarding maximum dislocation, it was observed a better accommodation of the occlusion under conditions that simulate those observed in the oral environment. In conclusion, EVA proved to be an adequate material for fabrication of mouthguards and interocclusal splints. In addition, EVA showed good results in force dissipation and demonstrated a shockabsorbing capacity and a great protection potential.

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“…Les auteurs citent notamment cinq joueurs pour qui le port de PIB a permis la résolution de différents symptômes neurologiques. Le nombre de SRC au cours de la saison (dix) n'est, quoi qu'il en soit, pas suffisant pour l'obtention de ré-sultats statistiquement significatifs [99] ; -l'autre de Hickey et al, publié en 1967, dans lequel les auteurs rapportent, à travers une étude expérimentale réalisée sur des cadavres, l'atténuation des forces appliquées à la tête lors d'un coup porté au niveau du menton en cas de port de PIB [77]. Cependant, le comportement d'un crâne de cadavre immobilisé, tel qu'utilisé dans l'étude de Hickey, face à une contrainte mécanique extérieure diffère de celui d'un sportif en action [99].…”

Section: Interprétation Et Limites Des éTudes Cliniquesunclassified

Intérêt du port d’un protège-dents dans la diminution de l’incidence et/ou de la gravité des commotions cérébrales dans le sport

Gunepin

Derache

Dagain

et al. 2016

Med Buccale Chir Buccale

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Résumé -Introduction :La commotion cérébrale dans le sport ou Sport-Related Concussion (SRC) est un processus complexe se traduisant par un trouble de fonctionnement du cerveau. Son incidence ne cesse d'augmenter car la mise en place de mesures efficaces de prévention achoppe sur les zones d'incertitude entourant les SRC (diagnostic, traitements, etc.). Revue de littérature : Dans les années 1960, certains auteurs ont avancé l'hypothèse que le port d'un protège-dents ou protection intrabuccale (PIB) permettrait de prévenir la survenue de SRC. Depuis, des études confirmant ou infirmant cette hypothèse sont régulièrement publiées. Une analyse de la littérature permet de comprendre cette controverse et de distinguer ce qui est avéré de ce qui est supposé. Conclusion : Actuellement, sur la base d'arguments scientifiques, le port de PIB ne peut et ne doit pas être recommandé dans la prévention des SRC. La surestimation des effets protecteurs de la PIB risquerait d'engendrer une augmentation des comportements à risque chez les sportifs qui se sentiraient protégés alors qu'ils ne le seraient pas et ainsi d'augmenter paradoxalement la survenue de SRC. En revanche, l'efficacité des PIB dans la prévention des lésions oro-faciales étant scientifiquement prouvée, c'est à cette fin qu'elles doivent être recommandées pour la pratique sportive.Abstract -Investigation of the use of a mouthguard for decreasing the incidence and/or severity of sportrelated concussions. Introduction: Concussion in sport, so-called sport-related concussion (SRC), is a complex pathophysiological process resulting in the impairment of the brain. Its incidence is increasing due to the uncertainty surrounding SRC (diagnosis, management, etc.). Literature review: In the 1960's, some authors put forth the hypothesis that the use of a mouthguard could prevent the occurrence of SRC. Since then, many studies confirming or invalidating this hypothesis have been published regularly. An analysis of the literature allows us to understand this situation and distinguish between what is proven and what is supposed. Conclusion: Currently, on the basis of the scientific evidence, the use of a mouthguard cannot and must not be recommended for the prevention of SRC. The overestimation of the protective effects of a mouthguard can lead to an increase in risk behaviours in sportspeople, who feel protected while they are not. This can result in a paradoxical increase in SRC. However, mouthguards have been shown to be effective in preventing dental and orofacial injuries. For this reason, mouthguards should continue to be recommended and used in sport activities.

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The relation of mouth protectors to cranial pressure and deformation

Cited by 130 publications

References 3 publications

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preventing and Managing Sport-Related Dental and Oral Injuries

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preventing and Managing Sport-Related Dental and Oral Injuries

[No Title Available]

Intérêt du port d’un protège-dents dans la diminution de l’incidence et/ou de la gravité des commotions cérébrales dans le sport

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