The Relation of Family Income and Use of Water for Residential and Commercial Purposes in the San Francisco-Oakland Metropolitan Area

Headley, J. C.

doi:10.2307/3144849

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The Wolff study revealed the number of hotel or motel rooms to be a relevant variable. Headley (1963) approached commercial water use somewhat differently by using a consumer demand model and viewing commercial water use as a substitute for residential use. He considered water demand to be a function of price, income, temperature, precipitation and other socioeconomic variables.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding causes us to tentatively reject our hypothesis that eating-drinking establishments are responsive to price, even in an inelastic manner. Possibly the model utilized by Headley (1963), where consumption in such establishments would be viewed as a substitute for home consumption, would be more appropriate. We expect, however, that our hypothesis was appropriate, and that the large standard error on price was due to data problems.…”

Section: Eating and Drinking Establishmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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WATER PRICE RESPONSIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS¹

Lynne

Luppold

Kiker

1978

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Pricing policy in water allocation has become of more concern as some areas find water is indeed a scarce resource. Demand estimates, where the quantity purchased‐value in use relationships are of concern, have been made in other studies for residential, industrial, and agricultural uses in many areas of the country. The price‐quantity relations for water use in commercial firms are estimated and discussed for several different types of stores in this study. A derived demand model is used to estimate commercial demand in the Miami, Florida, area. The price elasticity was generally low (inelastic) for all groups studied except for department stores. This group was found to have an elastic demand for water at all prices above $0.93 per thousand gallons purchased per month, where the mean price for this part of the sample was $1.24. The major implication of the study is that commercial establishments may be responsive to price changes over the long run, much as has already been shown for other types of user groups in other studies.

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Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eating and Drinking Establishmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

WATER PRICE RESPONSIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS¹

Lynne

Luppold

Kiker

1978

J American Water Resour Assoc

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“…According to Headley [9] the quantity of water demanded for consumption is a function of price per unit, income of users, and other social and economic variables. This corroborates our discussion, thus far which tries to analyze the interrelationship quantity of vended water sold by vendors, amount spent on vended water, perception of respondents and the income of water users.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamics of Domestic Water Vending in Enugu North L.G.A of Enugu State, Nigeria

Onyenechere¹,

Eleazu²,

Azuwike³

et al. 2012

JWARP

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The present investigation provides a case study of water vending in Enugu North Local Government Area, Enugu State of South Eastern Nigeria. Questionnaire copies were randomly distributed in the study area to 200 households. Data obtained from the field were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The analysis revealed that almost all the residents of Enugu North L.G.A. obtain their water from independent water vending systems which are operated by the private sector. Tanker truck, distributing and small retail water vendors all operate in the study area. There are an estimated number of 250 tanker truck drivers serving Enugu North L.G.A. Approximately 35 tanker trucks serve Hill- top/Udi siding ward, while there are a total of 52 retail vendors in Onuasata ward. Majority of the respondents are low income earners who spend within the ranges of NGN500 ($3.33) and NGN1500 ($10) a month on water on the average. 50.0 percent of these respondents opined that vended water was expensive. Of the respondents, 49.4 percent consumed 91 - 100 litres per capita per day, which is less than the 120 litres per capita per day recommended by the Federal Re- public of Nigeria’s National water supply and sanitation policy document of 2000. This deficit can be attributed to the cost of vended water. From the chi-square test, there is significant difference in the unit cost of water sold by vendors in the various wards in Enugu North L.G.A. In the absence of regular water provision through pipe-connections from the public utility, water vending should be supported but regulated. Meeting the water and sanitation target and optimizing water resources for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 will require a dramatic scaling up of joint efforts by the state government and the people in ensuring that vendors provide safe water at a low cost

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“…Since Headley [1963] and Howe and Linaweaver [1967], an increasing number of studies have analyzed the factors that influence water consumption, the impacts of socioeconomic variables on the water demand, and the calculation of price and income elasticities. Headley [1963] conducted one of the first studies to analyze the impact of income on water consumption. Howe and Linaweaver [1967] and Wong [1972] included prices as determinants of household water consumption, and Wong [1972] also incorporated the effects of climate variables into the demand equation.…”

Section: Water Demand and Functional Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional forms and price elasticities in a discrete continuous choice model of the residential water demand

Lavín

Hernández

Oliva

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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During recent decades, water demand estimation has gained considerable attention from scholars. From an econometric perspective, the most used functional forms include log‐log and linear specifications. Despite the advances in this field and the relevance for policymaking, little attention has been paid to the functional forms used in these estimations, and most authors have not provided justifications for their selection of functional forms. A discrete continuous choice model of the residential water demand is estimated using six functional forms (log‐log, full‐log, log‐quadratic, semilog, linear, and Stone‐Geary), and the expected consumption and price elasticity are evaluated. From a policy perspective, our results highlight the relevance of functional form selection for both the expected consumption and price elasticity.

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The Relation of Family Income and Use of Water for Residential and Commercial Purposes in the San Francisco-Oakland Metropolitan Area

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

WATER PRICE RESPONSIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS¹

WATER PRICE RESPONSIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS¹

The Dynamics of Domestic Water Vending in Enugu North L.G.A of Enugu State, Nigeria

Functional forms and price elasticities in a discrete continuous choice model of the residential water demand

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The Relation of Family Income and Use of Water for Residential and Commercial Purposes in the San Francisco-Oakland Metropolitan Area

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

WATER PRICE RESPONSIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS1

WATER PRICE RESPONSIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS1

The Dynamics of Domestic Water Vending in Enugu North L.G.A of Enugu State, Nigeria

Functional forms and price elasticities in a discrete continuous choice model of the residential water demand

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

WATER PRICE RESPONSIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS¹

WATER PRICE RESPONSIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS¹