The Relation of Direct Bact. Coli and Bact. Aerogenes Counts to Sources of Pollution

Tonney, Fred O.; Noble, Ralph E.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1930.tb14838.x

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Simmons (1926) and Lewis and Pittman (1928) modified the original Koser's medium, principally by the addition of agar so that the test can be made on streaked plates. Tonney and Noble (1930) confirmed 1919 cultures in both Lewis and Pittman's ferric-ammonium citrate agar and in Koser's sodium citrate solution. Of these 1919 cultures, 630 were reported as citrate utilizers in Koser's medium while only 352 were reported as citrate utilizers on solid ferric-aminoniuni citrate agar.…”

Section: Coli Typementioning

confidence: 62%

Coli-aerogenes Differentiation in Water Analysis

et al. 1931

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We have shown in an earlier section of this paper that a larger percentage of routine plates may contain no typical Bact. coli or Bact. aerogenes colonies, but that these cultures are often mixed and therefore cannot be differentiated without purification. Also that a surprising portion of single isolated colonies, ordinarily considered pure and usually differentiated macroscopically, are not pure. These must be purified before they can be correctly differentiated. We have shown that neither the macroscopic examination of a single streaked plate nor the microscopic examination of a Gram stain smear gives sufficient evidence of the purity of a culture. We have relied largely on certain biochemical differential reactions used in conjunction with the aforementioned tests. The efficacy of the various methods used for purification will be determined to a large extent by the use of biochemical differential methods. We are therefore going to reverse the natural order of sequence and describe the biochemical tests used before we discuss purification. CHARACTERISTICS FOR DIFFERENTIATIONIn order to differentiate the organisms of the coli-aerogenes group it is necessary to use characteristics which are different for the two types and are also stable and not easily variable in the individual species. Bergey (1925) separates the coli section or genus Escherichia from the aerogenes section or genus Aerobacter on the basis of the acetyl-methyl-carbinol or Voges-Proskauer 125 on July 15, 2020 by guest http://jb.asm.org/ Downloaded from RUCHHOFT, KALLAS, CHINN AND COULTER reaction. Kluyver andT)onker (1926) use the same reaction as a basis of separation for the group. However, Buchanan and Fulmer (1930) citing the above investigators say: Kluyver and Donker' (1926) have also showln that in a suitably buffered medium Bacterium coli does not transform all acetaldehyde to ethyl alcohol and acetic acid, but in part to acetyl-methyl-carbinol. In other words, a modification of the pH of a medium changes the metabolism to that characteristic of Bacterium aerogenes.If the above is true, this basis of classification and separation becomes rather weak.In his study of microbic dissociation Hadley (1927) reviews much of the work on dissociation of the coli-aerogenes group and shows that it has been repeatedly observed in members of this group. Unfortunately most of the investigators studied dissociation with respect to cultur al, morphological, serological or fermentative characteristics. There is a lack of data on the other biochemical variations accompanying dissociation in the coli-aerogenes group. If a simple adjustmeent in the pH of the medium, as stated by Kluyver and Donker, is sufficient to enable Bact. coli to assume a biochemical characteristic of Bact. aerogenes we would certainly expect biochemical variations in dissociants of the group. Hadley has shown that there is a variation in the production of pyocyanin and in the proteolytic power of the dissociate and the mother type of B. pyocyaneus. On the other hand Soule (1928) repo...

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Section: Coli Typementioning

confidence: 62%

Coli-aerogenes Differentiation in Water Analysis

et al. 1931

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“…aerogenes and spore-forming lactose fermenters. Tonney and Noble (1930) found that the Coli-aerogenes group in polluted water and sewage consisted of about 50 percent Bact. coli and 50 percent Bact.…”

Section: Gas Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Production and pH Determination of Coli‐Aerogenes Cultures in Sugar Broths

Ruchhoft¹,

Kallas²,

Chinn³

1931

Journal AWWA

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“…8. The additional data thus obtained give promise of usefulness in judging the sanitary quality of water supplies (3,4). THE…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…aerogenes types are easily obtainable, as well as the total group count. The differentiation of the two types of organisms based on the colony appearance, gives a high degree of confirmation by other differential tests (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

An Improved Ferrocyanide‐Citrate Agar for Direct Enumeration of Colon‐Aerogenes Organisms

Tonney¹,

Noble²

1931

Journal AWWA

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In employing ferro cyanide-citrate agar (1) to obtain direct counts of colon-aerogenes organisms in feces, soils, vegetation, sewage and water supplies (2), we have been impressed by certain practical advantages of the direct plating method which suggests that a simplified technic, adapted to routine requirements, may prove to be useful in water analysis.Briefly these advantages over the usual fermentation methods are as follows:1. The direct count is less subject to error and is inherently more accurate than an estimate of numbers based on inoculation of fractional portions of the sample in a series of tubes of liquid medium.2. The plating process is simple, consisting only of planting the plates and counting the colonies. When ferrocyanide-citrate agar is employed, further confirmatory steps appear to be unnecessary in ordinary routine.3. The completed findings are obtained in a shorter time; viz., in thirty-six to forty-two hours. Presumptive indications are available in about twenty-eight hours.4. Less labor is required. 5. The direct counts on ferro cyanide-citrate agar are not obscured by overgrowths and are not interfered with by common lactosefermenting organisms.6. For obtaining pure cultures of Bact. coli or Bact. aerogenes, the poured plate, as a source from which to fish colonies, is much superior to Endo's medium or eosin methylene blue agar, inoculated by the surface streak method.7. By means of the distinctive appearance of the colon-aerogenes

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The Relation of Direct Bact. Coli and Bact. Aerogenes Counts to Sources of Pollution

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Coli-aerogenes Differentiation in Water Analysis

Coli-aerogenes Differentiation in Water Analysis

Gas Production and pH Determination of Coli‐Aerogenes Cultures in Sugar Broths

An Improved Ferrocyanide‐Citrate Agar for Direct Enumeration of Colon‐Aerogenes Organisms

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