The Relation of Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression to Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Desire

Forkmann, Thomas; Scherer, Anne; Böcker, Maren; Pawelzik, Markus R.; Gauggel, Siegfried; Glaesmer, Heide

doi:10.1111/sltb.12076

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Yet, we did not observe a relation between cognitive reappraisal and suicidal thoughts. This is consistent with prior work by Forkmannc () who did not find a significant association between cognitive reappraisal and suicidality. Cognitive reappraisal alters the semantic and perceptual representations of stimuli that evoke emotions (Buhle et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our results indicate that individuals who habitually use expressive suppression as an emotion regulation strategy and who happen to endorse disordered eating attitudes and behaviors are also more likely to experience suicidal thoughts with increased frequency. This report extends past research by Forkmann et al () who observed that expressive suppression predicted suicidal ideation in a mixed‐gender inpatient sample. Overall, our data suggest that the use of maladaptive strategies to regulate emotional experiences could enhance the relationship between disordered eating and suicidal behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Expressive suppression mediates the relation between disordered eating and suicidal ideation

et al. 2019

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Objective Although disordered eating is robustly associated with suicidal thoughts, it is not well understood why these conditions relate to each other. Emotion dysregulation is a shared risk factor for disordered eating and suicidal thoughts. Individuals with dysregulated emotions struggle to select appropriate strategies to modulate emotions and the strategies they use might explain some of the shared variances. Thus, we examined whether emotion regulation strategies mediated the relationship between disordered eating and suicidal ideation. Method Adult participants (N = 230) completed questionnaires on current disordered eating symptoms, emotion regulation strategies, and current suicidal ideation. Results Disordered eating symptoms positively associated with suicidal ideation. In addition, expressive suppression mediated the relation between disordered eating symptoms and current suicidal ideation. No relation was found for cognitive reappraisal. Conclusions The use of expressive suppression as an emotion regulation strategy may be related to increased suicidal ideation in individuals who express concerns about eating.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Expressive suppression mediates the relation between disordered eating and suicidal ideation

et al. 2019

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“…As previously mentioned, reappraisal is one of the most widely studied approaches to volitionally modulate affect (Ochsner & Gross, 2005); however, there are other strategies available. For instance, expressive suppression is another form of emotion regulation that is associated with poor physical and psychosocial outcomes (Butler et al, 2003; Forkmann et al, 2014). To examine individual differences in typical emotion regulation strategy use, participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross & John, 2003), which provides separate indices of the tendency to use cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression when regulating emotions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal engagement by cognitive reappraisal of negative faces

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Fitzgerald

Klumpp

et al. 2015

Behavioural Brain Research

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Cognitive reappraisal has been associated with increased activation in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cingulate regions implicated in cognitive control and affect regulation. To date, neuroimaging studies of reappraisal have primarily used emotionally evocative scenes, and it remains unclear whether the same cognitive strategy applied to emotional facial expressions would involve similar or different neural underpinnings. The present study used fMRI to examine brain activation during cognitive reappraisal of negatively valenced facial expressions relative to passive viewing of negative and neutral facial expressions. Twenty-two healthy adults completed a cognitive reappraisal task comprised of three different conditions (Look-Neutral, Maintain-Negative, Reappraise-Negative). Results indicated that reappraisal was associated with a decrease in negative affect and engagement of PFC brain regions implicated in cognitive control and affect regulation (DLPFC, mPFC, and VLPFC). Furthermore, individual differences in habitual reappraisal use were associated with greater DLPFC and mPFC activation, while suppression use was associated with greater amygdala activation. The present study provides preliminary evidence that facial expressions are effective alternative ‘targets’ of prefrontal engagement during cognitive reappraisal. These findings are particularly relevant for future research probing the neural bases of emotion regulation in populations for whom aversive scenes may be less appropriate (e.g., children) and illnesses in which aberrant responses to social signals of threat and negative feedback are cardinal phenotypes.

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“…A community sample of 118 undergraduate students demonstrated that effortful suppression was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (51), and a recent study of 627 undergraduates found that ER deficits moderated the association between ADHD and suicidal ideation (52). This appears to hold true through the life cycle, as suppression was significantly associated with suicidal ideation among a sample of 232 adults on an inpatient unit, even after controlling for a current depressive episode (53).…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidence Directly Connecting Er and Suicide mentioning

confidence: 96%

Emotion regulation and adolescent suicide: a proposal for physician education

Rice

2015

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health

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Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents aged 14-19 years. Pediatricians report strong interest in receiving additional training to reduce suicide mortality, and physician education is one of the most robust means of suicide prevention. However, many studies suggest that existing educational methods and means leave much room for improvement. In light of the emerging evidence that emotion regulation (ER) deficits are significantly associated with adolescent suicide, this paper proposes the untested hypothesis that a module on the brain-based ER system may strengthen existing methods of provider education. The ER system and the evidence supporting its association with adolescent suicide are reviewed. The ability to ground an approach to suicide prevention within this brain-based medical model may be appealing to pediatricians; its transdiagnostic breadth and dimensional makeup may also be appealing to pediatricians. Most importantly, its emphasis on the negative effects of impoverished self-regulation broaden non-specialist concern from a restriction upon withdrawn, depressed adolescents to those with a wide range of psychopathology. Implications and further considerations are discussed.

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The Relation of Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression to Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Desire

Cited by 53 publications

References 51 publications

Expressive suppression mediates the relation between disordered eating and suicidal ideation

Expressive suppression mediates the relation between disordered eating and suicidal ideation

Prefrontal engagement by cognitive reappraisal of negative faces

Emotion regulation and adolescent suicide: a proposal for physician education

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