The relation of apple texture with cell wall nanostructure studied using an atomic force microscope

Cybulska, Justyna; Zdunek, Artur; Psonka-Antonczyk, Katarzyna Maria; Stokke, Bjørn Torger

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.103

Cited by 65 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Structure-related properties of plants could be considered at various length scales: at macroscale—tissues' spatial variability [2], at microscale—cell size and orientation [3–5], at the submicro and nanoscale—cell walls [6–8] and middle lamella [9] composition and at nanoscale—individual polysaccharide structures and linkages in cell walls [10,11] Up to now, plenty of studies which have used a continuum approach have been performed on the mechanical properties at the macro-scale, while studies at the microscopic and nanoscopic levels have been constrained by the lack of suitable technology to conduct mechanical manipulation at such a length scale [12]. Investigation of the micro and nano-mechanics of plants is important because the composition at this level is very dynamic, e.g., during postharvest maturation of fruits [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Elastic Properties of Tomato Fruit Cells with an Atomic Force Microscope

Zdunek

Kurenda

2013

Sensors

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Since the mechanical properties of single cells together with the intercellular adhesive properties determine the macro-mechanical properties of plants, a method for evaluation of the cell elastic properties is needed to help explanation of the behavior of fruits and vegetables in handling and food processing. For this purpose, indentation of tomato mesocarp cells with an atomic force microscope was used. The Young's modulus of a cell using the Hertz and Sneddon models, and stiffness were calculated from force-indentation curves. Use of two probes of distinct radius of curvature (20 nm and 10,000nm) showed that the measured elastic properties were significantly affected by tip geometry. The Young's modulus was about 100 kPa ± 35 kPa and 20 kPa ± 14 kPa for the sharper tip and a bead tip, respectively. Moreover, large variability regarding elastic properties (>100%) among cells sampled from the same region in the fruit was observed. We showed that AFM provides the possibility of combining nano-mechanical properties with topography imaging, which could be very useful for the study of structure-related properties of fruits and vegetables at the cellular and sub-cellular scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Elastic Properties of Tomato Fruit Cells with an Atomic Force Microscope

Zdunek

Kurenda

2013

Sensors

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“…The AFM technique can be useful for analyzing the effect of different modifying agents on polysaccharide structures [1], [2], cellulose in cell wall model materials [3] and cellulose in the cell wall of apples in relation to their texture [4]. It has also been shown that the chemical composition of model cell walls has a significant influence on their surface topographic parameters (RMS roughness, height, ironed surface) [3], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Force Spectroscopy Experiments on Galacturonic Acid Oligomers

et al. 2014

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Pectins, forming a matrix for cellulose and hemicellulose, determine the mechanics of plant cell walls. They undergo salient structural changes during their development. In the presence of divalent cations, usually calcium, pectins can form gel-like structures. Because of their importance they have been the subject of many force spectroscopy experiments, which have examined the conformational changes and molecular tensions due to external forces. The most abundant unit present in the pectin backbone is polygalacturonic acid. Unfortunately, experimental force spectroscopy on polygalacturonic acid molecules is still not a trivial task. The mechanism of the single-molecule response to external forces can be inferred by theoretical methods. Therefore, in this work we simulated such force spectroscopy experiments using the Enforced Geometry Optimization (EGO) method. We examined the oligomeric (up to hexamer) structures of α-D-galacturonic acid exposed to external stretching forces. The EGO simulation of the force spectroscopy appropriately reproduced the experimental course of the enforced conformational transition: chair →inverted chair via the twisted boat conformation(s) in the pyranose ring of α-D-galacturonic acid. Additionally, our theoretical approach also allowed to determine the minimum oligomer size adequate for the description of nano-mechanical properties of (poly)-α-D-galacturonic acid.

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“…Reszty karboksylowe są z reguły estryfikowane metanolem, zwłasz-cza w stanie dojrzałości zbiorczej, technologicznie korzystne jest więc obniżenie stopnia metylacji, aby umożliwić tworzenie mostków wapniowych [7,8].…”

Section: Wprowadzenieunclassified

“…W matrycy MPSN oznaczano: pH, zawartość kwasu galakturonowego metodą kolorymetryczną [7,8] i frakcje włókna pokarmowego metodą van Soesta [30]. Granulację proszku określano za pomocą standaryzowanych sit.…”

Section: Materiał I Metody Badańunclassified

Effect of Divalent Metal Ions on Rheological Properties of Polysaccharide Matrix From Apple Pomace

Cybulska

Mierczyńska

Pieczywek

et al. 2015

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The relation of apple texture with cell wall nanostructure studied using an atomic force microscope

Cited by 65 publications

References 41 publications

Determination of the Elastic Properties of Tomato Fruit Cells with an Atomic Force Microscope

Determination of the Elastic Properties of Tomato Fruit Cells with an Atomic Force Microscope

Simulation of Force Spectroscopy Experiments on Galacturonic Acid Oligomers

Effect of Divalent Metal Ions on Rheological Properties of Polysaccharide Matrix From Apple Pomace

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