The Relation between Heredity, Sexual Activity and Training to Dominance- Subordination in Game Cocks

Fennell, R. A.

doi:10.1086/281247

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…One reason is that behavioral variation is sometimes thought to have low heritability and therefore shows little response to selection (e.g., Abrams 1987). However, several studies have demonstrated a genetic basis for aggressive behavior in diverse animal taxa including mice ( Mus musculus domesticus ) (van Oortmerssen and Bakker 1981; Singleton and Hay 1982; Krackow 2005; Gatewood et al 2006), chickens ( Gallus gallus ; Fennell 1945; Queiroz and Cromberg 2006), lobsters ( Homarus americanus ; Finley and Haley 1983), and the fruitfly ( Drosophila melanogaster ; Hoffmann 1988). A variety of studies have also found heritable variation in conspecific aggressive behavior in fishes (Goyens and Sevenster 1976; Parzefall 1979; Ferguson and Noakes 1982; Farr 1983; Ferguson 1983; Bakker 1985, 1986; Vollestad and Quinn 2003; Lucas et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterospecific Aggression and Adaptive Divergence in Brook Stickleback (Culaea Inconstans)

Peiman

Robinson

2007

Evolution

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Agonistic behavior between heterospecifics, in which individuals of one species attack another, may cause a subordinate species to shift resource or habitat use. Subsequent evolutionary responses to selection may mimic shifts expected under ecological character displacement, but with no role played by exploitative competition. Alternatively, aggressive behavior can evolve when fitness is improved by excluding members of a coexisting species from a defendable resource through interference. We tested whether heterospecific agonistic behavior has evolved in brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) by comparing replicate allopatric populations to those sympatric with ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius). We also tested for heritable variation in heterospecific aggressive behavior by rearing family groups in a common environment. Allopatric populations of brook stickleback were more aggressive than ninespine stickleback, suggesting that pre-existing aggression in brook stickleback contributed to niche shifts by ninespine stickleback. In addition, sympatric adult brook stickleback were more aggressive toward ninespine stickleback than brook stickleback from allopatric populations. Overt heterospecific aggressive behaviors were heritable, and aggression in juvenile brook stickleback increased with age in sympatric but not in allopatric populations reared in a common environment. Brook stickleback have evolved increased aggression when they coexist with ninespine stickleback. These stickleback communities have been structured by both evolved and pre-existing variation in heterospecific aggressive behavior in brook stickleback.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterospecific Aggression and Adaptive Divergence in Brook Stickleback (Culaea Inconstans)

Peiman

Robinson

2007

Evolution

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“…Ascendant behavior is normally closely dependent on the social situation, as Mowrer, among others, has shown; so that a rat made submissive by a more dominant society takes a very long time to regain a dominant attitude with the original group. Nevertheless, a hereditary factor can also be demonstrated and has been shown to exist also among gamecocks, by Fennell (17). The fact that this is associated with an inborn tendency to greater sex activity, and that male hormone injections have repeatedly been shown to alter the individual's position in a dominance hierarchy, suggests that what is inherited here may be a hormone activity level.…”

Section: Comparative Studies Of Heredity In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Inherited, constitutional influences in personality.

Cattell¹

1950

Personality: A Systematic Theoretical and Factual Study, 1st Ed.

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“…; Taylor et al. ), birds (Fennell ), fish (Bakker ), and insects (Hoffmann ; Edwards et al. ), although heritability can also depend on context (Wilson et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conspecific aggression (CA) regularly influences fitness under competition for resources and mates (Elliott 1986 ; Lahti et al 2001 ) and can generate social selection (West-Eberhard 1979 ; Bleakley et al 2007 ; Bleakley and Brodie 2009 ; McGlothlin et al 2010 ). Heritable variation in CA is found in many taxa, including mammals (Hall and Klein 1942 ; D'Eath et al 2009 ; Wilson et al 2009 ; Taylor et al 2011 ), birds (Fennell 1945 ), fish (Bakker 1986 ), and insects (Hoffmann 1988 ; Edwards et al 2006 ), although heritability can also depend on context (Wilson et al 2009 ). CA can be correlated with behaviors in other contexts (forming behavioral syndromes; e.g., Conrad et al 2011 ), such as boldness toward predators (Huntingford 1976a , 1982 ; Bell and Stamps 2004 ; Bell 2005 ; Bell and Sih 2007 ; Dochtermann and Jenkins 2007 ) and activity in unfamiliar environments (Huntingford 1976a ; Verbeek et al 1996 ; Bell and Stamps 2004 ; Bell 2005 ; Dingemanse et al 2007 ; Kortet and Hedrick 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversifying and correlational selection on behavior toward conspecific and heterospecific competitors in brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans)

Peiman

Robinson

2012

Ecology and Evolution

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Behaviors toward heterospecifics and conspecifics may be correlated because of shared mechanisms of expression in both social contexts (nonadaptive covariation) or because correlational selection favors adaptive covariation. We evaluated these hypotheses by comparing behavior toward conspecifics and heterospecifics in brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) from three populations sympatric with and three allopatric from a competitor, the ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius). Behavioral traits were classified into three multivariate components: overt aggression, sociability, and activity. The correlation of behavior between social contexts for both overt aggression and activity varied among populations in a way unrelated to sympatry with ninespine stickleback, while mean aggression was reduced in sympatry. Correlations in allopatric populations suggest that overt aggression and activity may genetically covary between social contexts for nonadaptive reasons. Sociability was rarely correlated in allopatry but was consistently correlated in sympatry despite reduced mean sociability, suggesting that correlational selection may favor a sociability syndrome in brook stickleback when they coexist with ninespine stickleback. Thus, interspecific competition may impose diversifying selection on behavior among populations, although the causes of correlated behavior toward conspecifics and heterospecifics and whether it can evolve in one social context independent of the other may depend on the type of behavior.

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The Relation between Heredity, Sexual Activity and Training to Dominance- Subordination in Game Cocks

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Heterospecific Aggression and Adaptive Divergence in Brook Stickleback (Culaea Inconstans)

Heterospecific Aggression and Adaptive Divergence in Brook Stickleback (Culaea Inconstans)

Inherited, constitutional influences in personality.

Diversifying and correlational selection on behavior toward conspecific and heterospecific competitors in brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans)

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