The relation between force, velocity and integrated electrical activity in human muscles

Bigland, Brenda; Lippold, O. C. J.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1954.sp005044

Cited by 666 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

189

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, the peak and rate of rise of the obliquus externus integrated EMG activity correlates with both the intensity of the cough stimulus, and the cough maximum expiratory flow [31]. As mentioned above, the integration of EMG activity per expiratory effort is a good index of expiratory driving force [31].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…As mentioned above, the integration of EMG activity per expiratory effort is a good index of expiratory driving force [31].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Thus, EMG recordings of expiratory muscle output during cough can provide insights into the neural mechanisms activated during voluntary and reflex cough and during the ER. Since the magnitude of EMG activity correlates with the force produced by the contracting muscle [31], recordings of EMG activity of human abdominal muscle activity have been used to assess the intensity of induced cough efforts [see 32, and for further refs]. In particular, the 'moving average' integrated EMG activity of the obliquus externus muscle, perhaps the principal muscle implicated in the production of cough force, has been used to evaluate the intensity of voluntary and reflex cough efforts in humans [11,17].…”

Section: Muscular Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

What is cough and what should be measured?

Fontana

Widdicombe

2007

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…As mentioned above, the integration of EMG activity per expiratory effort is a good index of expiratory driving force [31].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Muscular Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

What is cough and what should be measured?

Fontana

Widdicombe

2007

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…2). Since, compared to concentric and isometric contractions, muscle activation at similar levels of force is significantly lower during eccentric contractions (Bigland and Lippold, 1954), it can be speculated that age-related deficits in muscle activation will have a greater negative impact in concentric and isometric contractions than in eccentric. In view of this, Klass et al (2005) used both the central activation ratio (CAR) and the ratio between the rectified electromyography (EMG) signal and the evoked action potential (EMG/M-wave) to assess muscle activation of the ankle dorsiflexors during isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions in a group of young (~24 years) and older (~77 years) adults (table 1).…”

Section: Neurological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preservation of eccentric strength in older adults: Evidence, mechanisms and implications for training and rehabilitation

Roig

MacIntyre

Eng

et al. 2010

Experimental Gerontology

116

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Overall reductions in muscle strength typically accompany the aging process. However, older adults show a relatively preserved capacity of producing eccentric strength. The preservation of eccentric strength in older adults is a well-established phenomenon, occurring indiscriminately across different muscle groups, independent of age-related architectural changes in muscle structure and velocity of movement.The mechanisms for the preservation of eccentric strength appear to be mechanical and cellular in origin and include both passive and active elements regulating muscle stiffness. The age-related accumulation of non-contractile material in the muscle-tendon unit increases passive stiffness, which might offer mechanical advantage during eccentric contractions. In addition, the preserved muscle tension and increased instantaneous stiffness of old muscle fibers during stretch increase active stiffness, which might enhance eccentric strength.The fact that the preservation of eccentric strength is present in people with chronic conditions when compared to age-matched healthy controls indicates that the aging process per se does not exclusively mediate the preservation of eccentric strength. Physical inactivity, which is common in elderly and people with chronic conditions, is a potential factor regulating the preservation of eccentric strength.When compared to concentric strength, the magnitude of the preservation of eccentric strength in older adults ranges from 2% to 48% with a mean value from all studies of 21.6%. This functional reserve of eccentric strength might be clinically relevant, especially to initiate resistance training and rehabilitation programs in individuals with low levels of strength.

show abstract

“…At the present time our knowledge of the human control strategy (Gaines, 1969) ranges from the linear describing function (Licklider, 1960;McRuer et al, 1965), accounting for a major part of the operator output in the frequency domain, through discontinuous, data-sampling models which account for much of the fine structure in the time domain (Bekey, 1965;Lange, 1965), to analyses of the basic neuromuscular components of the human controller (Bigland and Lippold, 1954;Young and Stark, 1965). These models are, however, based on the stationary characteristics of the input/output relationship after learning, and offer no account of learning itself or of the variables affecting it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The learning of perceptual-motor skills by men and machines and its relationship to training

Gaines

1972

Instr Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gaines, B. R. (1972). The learning of perceptual-motor skills by men and machines and its relationship to training.Instructional Science 1, 263-312. The learning of perceptual-motor skills by men and machines and its relationship to training Brian R. Gaines Department of Electrical Engineering ScienceUniversity of Essex AbstractAs part of a program of research on-the feasibility and utility of automated training devices, "teaching machines," for perceptual-motor skills, a comparative study has been made of human operators and computer-simulated learning-machines learning a high order tracking task under a variety of conditions.One outcome of this study has been to suggest, through the similarity of learning phenomena shown by men and machines, that there are important characteristics of learning which may be divorced from the particular physical realisation of a learning device, and hence are entirely conditioned by the learning environment. This has practical implications for training and for the evaluation of training devices, since a general theory of learning phenomena may be developed and standard learning artifacts may be used in the optimization of training techniques.This paper analyses training as a control problem in the state-space of the adaption-automaton of the trainee, and develops a strategy for training based upon the epistemological problems of the trainee. A specific feedback training controller for a class of tracking skills is then outlined and its behaviour investigated theoretically and experimentally. Finally, a major experiment involving the training of both humans and learning machines under a variety of conditions is described and analysed.

show abstract

The relation between force, velocity and integrated electrical activity in human muscles

Cited by 666 publications

References 9 publications

What is cough and what should be measured?

What is cough and what should be measured?

Preservation of eccentric strength in older adults: Evidence, mechanisms and implications for training and rehabilitation

The learning of perceptual-motor skills by men and machines and its relationship to training

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About