The Relation between Contact Lens Oxygen Transmissibility and Binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the Cornea after Overnight Wear

Imayasu, Masaki; Petroll, Walter M; Jester, James V.; Patel, Sanjay; Ohashi, Junko; Cavanagh, Harrison D

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(94)31326-1

Cited by 107 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Loss of surface epithelial cells in the rabbit has also been noted following topical application of commonly used preservatives in ocular medications and overnight contact lens wear in rabbits (16)(17)(18). In the latter study, loss of surface epithelium was correlated with increased desquamation, supporting the conclusion that an acute decrease in surface cell size is indicative of the exposure of underlying wing and basal epithelial cells, which have smaller cross-sectional areas.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…This finding indicated that the increased irritancy seen in the anionic surfactant group was due to anesthesia-induced desiccation of the ocular surface. It should be noted that the nonirritancy of in vivo CM has been established in earlier studies of contact lens wear in the rabbit (16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In vivo CM has been used for quantitative, in situ measurement of corneal wound contraction (21,31), fibroblast migration (20), corneal endothelial cell migration (29), corneal epithelial cell size and desquamation following contact lens wear (16,18), and the assessment of corneal surface toxicity following application of commonly used ophthalmic preservatives (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy to the Understanding of Surfactant-Induced Ocular Irritation*^{Oryzias latipes}

et al. 1996

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The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of in vivo confocal microscopy (CM) to provide noninvasively derived histopathologic correlates of surfactant-induced eye irritation from which specific pathologic mechanisms can be identified and later evaluated in alternative in vitro models. Rats and rabbits, divided into groups of 5, received 10 μl of an anionic or cationic surfactant in one eye with the other eye used as a control. At specified times, eyes were examined and scored for ocular irritancy using a penlight and slit-lamp. Subsequently, corneas were evaluated by in vivo CM to evaluate epithelial layer thickness and surface epithelial cell area, corneal thickness, depth of necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and endothelial injury. At 3 hr, the anionic surfactant produced slight irritation with peak scores of 12.4 and 8.0 out of a possible 110 in the rats and rabbits, respectively. In vivo CM revealed changes limited to the corneal epithelium that decreased in thickness to 78% in rats and 81% in rabbits at 3 hr. This decrease in the thickness correlated with a significant decrease in surface epithelial cell area from 2,061 & p l u s m n ; 395 μm 2 to 567 & p l u s m n ; 330 μm 2 in the rats and 1,523 ± 185 μm 2 to 934 ± 71 μm 2 in the rabbits (p < 0.005 and 0.005, respectively). The cationic surfactant produced severe irritation in both the rats and rabbits with peak scores of 85.4 and 80.2 occurring at day 2, respectively. In vivo CM in the rats showed complete loss of corneal epithelium, lysis of keratocytes, and loss of corneal endothelium. In the rabbits, injury appeared limited to the anterior cornea with complete loss of epithelium and loss of keratocytes extending to 52% of the corneal thickness. These findings establish the application of noninvasive, in vivo CM to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the pathobiology of ocular irritation in situ. This information will be important in the development and evaluation of mechanistically based in vitro alternatives for ocular irritancy testing.

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy to the Understanding of Surfactant-Induced Ocular Irritation*^{Oryzias latipes}

et al. 1996

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“…infection of the cornea among contact lens users in the United States (5,15,16). The administration of proper antibiotic therapy kills the bacteria but does not prevent intense pain and irreversible tissue damage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Protease IV, a Unique Extracellular Protease and Virulence Factor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Engel¹,

Hill²,

Caballero³

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

155

167

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Comparisons of virulence between a Pseudomonas parent strain and an isogenic mutant devoid of protease IV have demonstrated a significant role for this enzyme during infection. We have characterized purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa protease IV in terms of its biochemical and enzymatic properties, and found it to be a unique extracellular protease. The N-terminal decapeptide sequence of protease IV is not homologous with any published protein sequence. Protease IV has a molecular mass of 26 kDa, an isoelectric point of 8.70, and optimum enzymatic activity at pH 10.0 and 45°C. Purified protease IV demonstrates activity for the carboxyl side of lysine-containing peptides and can digest a number of biologically important proteins, including immunoglobulin, complement components, fibrinogen, and plasminogen. Protease IV is not inhibited by thiol-, carboxyl-, or metalloproteinase inhibitors. The total loss of enzyme activity in the presence of N-p-tosyl-L-chloromethyl ketone and the partial inhibition of enzyme activity by diisopropyl fluorophosphate or phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride imply that protease IV is a serine protease. Inhibition by dithiothreitol and ␤-mercaptoethanol suggests that intramolecular disulfide bonds are essential for enzyme activity. The characteristics of this enzyme suggest that inhibitors of serine proteases could be developed into a medication designed to arrest tissue damage during Pseudomonas infection.

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“…5 Overnight wear causes corneal hypoxia, swelling and increases microbial binding to the corneal epithelium, with the amount of binding inversely proportional to the oxygen transmissability of the contact lens. 6 Orthokeratology…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial keratitis following orthokeratology

Poole

Frangouli

Ionides

2003

Eye

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The Relation between Contact Lens Oxygen Transmissibility and Binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the Cornea after Overnight Wear

Cited by 107 publications

References 29 publications

Application of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy to the Understanding of Surfactant-Induced Ocular Irritation*^{Oryzias latipes}

Application of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy to the Understanding of Surfactant-Induced Ocular Irritation*^{Oryzias latipes}

Protease IV, a Unique Extracellular Protease and Virulence Factor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Microbial keratitis following orthokeratology

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The Relation between Contact Lens Oxygen Transmissibility and Binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the Cornea after Overnight Wear

Cited by 107 publications

References 29 publications

Application of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy to the Understanding of Surfactant-Induced Ocular Irritation*Oryzias latipes

Application of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy to the Understanding of Surfactant-Induced Ocular Irritation*Oryzias latipes

Protease IV, a Unique Extracellular Protease and Virulence Factor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Microbial keratitis following orthokeratology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Application of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy to the Understanding of Surfactant-Induced Ocular Irritation*^{Oryzias latipes}

Application of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy to the Understanding of Surfactant-Induced Ocular Irritation*^{Oryzias latipes}