The regulatory mechanism by which interleukin-6 stimulates GH-gene expression in rat GH3 cells

Gong, Fengying; Shi, Yifan; Deng, Jiao

doi:10.1677/joe.1.06736

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In this study, the ETEC challenge increased the concentration of IL-6 as previous reported (46,47). High levels of IL-6 reduce the secretion of growth hormone (48) and damage the intestinal epithelium (49,50). The challenge, however, did not affect the concentration of IL-8 and TNFα in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Synbiotic Effects of Enzyme and Probiotics on Intestinal Health and Growth of Newly Weaned Pigs Challenged With Enterotoxigenic F18+Escherichia coli

Duarte

Tyus²,

Kim

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with xylanase and probiotics on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Sixty-four newly weaned pigs (32 barrows and 32 gilts with 7.9 ± 0.4 kg BW) were allotted in a randomized complete block design (2 × 2 factorial). Two factors were ETEC challenge (oral inoculation of saline solution or E. coli F18 + at 6 × 10 9 CFU) and synbiotics (none or a combination of xylanase 10,000 XU/kg and Bacillus sp. 2 × 10 8 CFU/kg). All pigs were fed experimental diets following NRC (2012) in two phases (P1 for 10 d and P2 for 11 d). The ETEC was orally inoculated on d 7 after weaning. Feed intake and BW were measured on d 7, 10, 15, and 20. On d 20, pigs were euthanized to collect samples to measure gut health parameters and microbiome. Synbiotics increased (P < 0.05) ADG in phase 1 and ETEC reduced (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F in the post-challenge period. ETEC increased (P < 0.05) the fecal score of pigs from d 7 to 13; however, synbiotics reduced (P < 0.05) it at d 9 and 11 in challenged pigs. ETEC increased (P < 0.05) mucosal MDA, IL-6, Ki-67 + , and crypt depth, whereas synbiotics tended to reduce TNFα (P = 0.093), protein carbonyl (P = 0.065), and IL-6 (P = 0.064); reduced (P < 0.05) crypt depth and Ki-67 + ; and increased (P < 0.05) villus height. ETEC reduced (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. In conclusion, ETEC challenge reduced growth performance by affecting microbiome, immune response, and oxidative stress in the jejunum. Synbiotics enhanced growth performance by reducing diarrhea, immune response, and oxidative stress in the jejunum.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Synbiotic Effects of Enzyme and Probiotics on Intestinal Health and Growth of Newly Weaned Pigs Challenged With Enterotoxigenic F18+Escherichia coli

Duarte

Tyus²,

Kim

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Stably transfected 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were created as described previously (Gong et al, 2006). In brief, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (obtained as a generous gift from Department of genetics, Institute of life sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China) were cultured with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s-F12 (DMEM/F12, Hyclone, Logan, UT, United States) medium supplemented with 10% FBS, then were plated in 12-well plates at a density of 4.5 × 10 5 cells/well.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lotus Leaf Aqueous Extract Reduces Visceral Fat Mass and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in HFD-Induced Obese Rats by Regulating PPARγ2 Expression

Yan

Zhu

et al. 2017

Front. Pharmacol.

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Objectives: Lotus leaf is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. We aimed to explore the effects of lotus leaf aqueous extract (LLAE) on peroxisome proliferative activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) expression in preadipocytes and adipocytes and further investigate its effects on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats.Methods: pGL3-Enhancer-PPARγ2 (625 bp)-Luc plasmid, a luciferase reporter gene expression plasmid containing PPARγ2 promoter, was stably transfected into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. PPARγ2 promoter activities were determined by assaying the luciferase activities. Then PPARγ2 promoter activities in preadipocytes and PPARγ2 mRNA levels in human subcutaneous adipocytes were measured after the administration with LLAE. Additionally, the effects of LLAE on body weight, fat mass, glucose and lipid metabolism and the expression of PPARγ2, insulin receptor substrate 1 and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured in HFD-induced obese rats treated with low or high dose [0.5 or 3.0 g crude drug/(kg.d)] LLAE for 6 weeks.Results: Ten μg/ml LLAE significantly increased the luciferase activities in 3T3-L1 cells and the stimulatory action reached 2.51 folds of controls when LLAE was 1000 μg/ml (P < 0.01). After treating 3T3-L1 cells with 100 μg/ml LLAE, the stimulatory role peaked at 32 h where it was 2.58 folds of controls (P < 0.01). Besides, 100 μg/ml LLAE significantly increased PPARγ2 mRNA levels in human adipocytes to 1.91 folds of controls (P < 0.01). In HFD-induced obese rats, administration with both low and high dose LLAE notably reduced visceral fat mass by 45.5 and 58.4%, respectively, and significantly decreased fasting serum insulin levels (P < 0.05). The high dose LLAE also significantly decreased homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in obese rats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA levels of PPARγ2 and GLUT4 in VAT of obese rats were significantly increased when compared with control rats, and were notably suppressed by LLAE intervention for 6 weeks (P < 0.05).Conclusion: LLAE significantly reduces visceral fat mass and ameliorates insulin resistance in HFD-induced obese rats. These beneficial effects of LLAE may associate with its role in stimulating PPARγ2 expression in preadipocytes and subcutaneous adipocytes and suppressing PPARγ2 and GLUT4 expression in VAT.

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“…The construction process was similar to what has been previously described. 19 In brief, total RNA from murine liver of BALB/c mice was extracted using EZNA Total RNA kit (Omega Bio-Tek, Doraville, GA, USA), then reverse transcribed with SuperScript first-strand synthesis system kit (Invitrogen). 2 ml cDNA was amplified with mZAG primers as follows: mZAG forward primer 5 0 -ATGGTGCCTGTCCTGCTGTC-3 0 (20 bp), mZAG reverse primer: 5 0 -TTACTGAGGCTGAGCTACAAC-3 0 (21 bp).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc-α2-glycoprotein is involved in regulation of body weight through inhibition of lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue

Zhang²,

et al. 2009

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Context: Zinc-a2-glycoprotein (ZAG) was found to influence lipolysis in adipose tissue and has recently been proposed as a candidate factor in the regulation of body weight. Objective: To elucidate the association of serum ZAG level with body weight and percentage of body fat in normal, obese subjects and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Design: The relationship between serum ZAG and obesity-related parameters was studied in 44 human subjects and 36 mice fed standard food and HFD. Furthermore, the effects of ZAG overexpression on adipose tissue of mice was also evaluated by using a liposome transfection method. Results: Serum ZAG level was significantly lower in obese patients and obese mice in comparison to that in people and mice with normal weight. The further statistical analysis demonstrated that ZAG level was negatively correlated with body weight (r ¼ À0.62, Po0.001), body mass index (r ¼ À0.64, Po0.001), waist circumference(r ¼ À0.68, Po0.001), hip circumference (r ¼ À0.60, Po0.001), percentage of body fat (r ¼ À0.52, P ¼ 0.03) and fat mass(r ¼ À0.59, P ¼ 0.01) in human subjects after adjustment for age and sex. Furthermore, ZAG overexpression in mice reduced body weight and the percentage of epididymal fat. The decreased FAS, ACC1 and DGAT mRNA and the increased HSL mRNA were also observed in epididymal adipose tissue in ZAG overexpression mice. Conclusion: ZAG is closely linked to obesity. Serum ZAG level is inversely associated with body weight and percentage of body fat. The action of ZAG is associated with downregulated lipogenic enzymes and upregulated lipolytic enzyme expressions in adipose tissue of mice.

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The regulatory mechanism by which interleukin-6 stimulates GH-gene expression in rat GH3 cells

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Synbiotic Effects of Enzyme and Probiotics on Intestinal Health and Growth of Newly Weaned Pigs Challenged With Enterotoxigenic F18+Escherichia coli

Synbiotic Effects of Enzyme and Probiotics on Intestinal Health and Growth of Newly Weaned Pigs Challenged With Enterotoxigenic F18+Escherichia coli

Lotus Leaf Aqueous Extract Reduces Visceral Fat Mass and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in HFD-Induced Obese Rats by Regulating PPARγ2 Expression

Zinc-α2-glycoprotein is involved in regulation of body weight through inhibition of lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue

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