The regulatory function of Blastocystis spp. on the immune inflammatory response in the gut microbiome

Rojas-Velázquez, Liliana; Morán, Patricia; Serrano-Vázquez, Angélica; Portillo-Bobadilla, Tobías; González, Enrique; Pérez-Juárez, Horacio; Hernández, E.; Partida-Rodríguez, Oswaldo; Nieves-Ramı́rez, Miriam; Padilla, Angeles; Zaragoza, Martha E.; Ximénez, Cecilia

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.967724

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Scientific research on Blastocystis sp. is increasingly focusing on a specific Blastocystis subtype rather than the Blastocystis genus because each subtype is characterized by different biochemical and pathogenic properties [ 53 ]. Some subtypes have been associated with health problems in humans as the case of ST7, while ST3 has been related as a non-pathogenic subtype [ 54 – 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of plant extracts on viability of ST3 and ST7 subtypes of Blastocystis sp.

Kot,

Michaliszyn,

Kalisińska

et al. 2024

Gut Pathog

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Blastocystis sp. is one of the most frequently detected protozoa during stool specimen examination. In the last decade, the studies about the pathogenic potential of Blastocystis sp. have intensified. Additionally, treatment approaches against this parasite are still disputable. The study aimed to investigate the in vitro activity of the substances of natural origin against two subtypes (ST) of Blastocystis sp.—ST3 and ST7. Garlic and turmeric extracts exhibited the highest inhibitory effect in relation to the ST3 viability. While horseradish and turmeric were found to be the most effective extracts to the ST7 viability. The study showed that ginger, garlic, horseradish, and turmeric extracts have potent antimicrobial activity against Blastocystis ST3 and ST7, with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 3.8 to 4.8 µg/ml and from 3.3 to 72.0 µg/ml, respectively, and thus may be useful in the prevention and control of Blastocystis infections. Additionally, this research confirmed that Blastocystis ST7 is more resistant to the selected plant extracts treatment than Blastocystis ST3 which in consequence may bring some difficulties in its eradication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of plant extracts on viability of ST3 and ST7 subtypes of Blastocystis sp.

Kot,

Michaliszyn,

Kalisińska

et al. 2024

Gut Pathog

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“…Whether Blastocystis is pathogenic or non-pathogenic depends on factors such as its interaction with the human gut microbiome, the subtype, and the human immune response regulators or modulators involved [ 75 ]. While Blastocystis colonizes the human gut and does not cause any infection, this situation can change in the event of a disruption to the immune system or gut microbiome balance [ 87 ]. An investigation of the metabolic profiles of Blastocystis carriers and non-carriers revealed differential levels of certain amino acids (Ala, Gly, His, Ile, Met, Thr, Try, and Val) in fecal samples collected from individuals from different countries.…”

Section: Blastocystis and The Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Blastocystis: A Mysterious Member of the Gut Microbiome

Aykur,

Malatyalı,

Demirel

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Blastocystis is the most common gastrointestinal protist found in humans and animals. Although the clinical significance of Blastocystis remains unclear, the organism is increasingly being viewed as a commensal member of the gut microbiome. However, its impact on the microbiome is still being debated. It is unclear whether Blastocystis promotes a healthy gut and microbiome directly or whether it is more likely to colonize and persist in a healthy gut environment. In healthy people, Blastocystis is frequently associated with increased bacterial diversity and significant differences in the gut microbiome. Based on current knowledge, it is not possible to determine whether differences in the gut microbiome are the cause or result of Blastocystis colonization. Although it is possible that some aspects of this eukaryote’s role in the intestinal microbiome remain unknown and that its effects vary, possibly due to subtype and intra-subtype variations and immune modulation, more research is needed to characterize these mechanisms in greater detail. This review covers recent findings on the effects of Blastocystis in the gut microbiome and immune modulation, its impact on the microbiome in autoimmune diseases, whether Blastocystis has a role like bacteria in the gut–brain axis, and its relationship with probiotics.

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“…remains a matter of debate. Available research suggests it can be classified as a parasite and its pathogenicity depends on factors such as interaction with the gut microbiota, subtype, and the host immune response [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Blastocystis spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blastocystis spp. and Other Intestinal Parasites in Polish Soldiers Deployed to Lebanon and Iraq

Kosik-Bogacka,

Korzeniewski,

Łanocha-Arendarczyk

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide, particularly in developing countries. A distinct group at increased risk of infection is military personnel deployed overseas for extended periods, typically six months at a time. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. and other intestinal parasites in Polish military personnel returning from deployments to Lebanon (n = 206) and Iraq (n = 220). In this group of subjects, we found Blastocystis spp. (13.6%), Dientamoeba fragilis (3.3%), Entamoeba coli (0.9%), and Endolimax nana (0.5%). Entamoeba histolytica sensu lato and Chilomastix mesnili infections were detected only in one soldier returning from Lebanon and Iraq, respectively. Blastocystis subtype (ST) 3 was predominant in soldiers returning from Lebanon, followed by ST2 and ST1. ST1 infection was predominant in soldiers returning from Iraq, followed by ST3 and ST2. Our study affirms that, deployment abroad is of no influence of the prevalence of parasitic protozoa. However, it would be worth to monitor parasite infection in military personnel returning from tropical zone even if they have no actual symptoms. In addition, it is very important to determine the subtypes of Blastocystis—this may help to clearly define their pathogenicity, especially considering the scarcity of studies on Blastocystis genotypes in Iraqi and Lebanese residents.

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The regulatory function of Blastocystis spp. on the immune inflammatory response in the gut microbiome

Cited by 15 publications

References 103 publications

The influence of plant extracts on viability of ST3 and ST7 subtypes of Blastocystis sp.

The influence of plant extracts on viability of ST3 and ST7 subtypes of Blastocystis sp.

Blastocystis: A Mysterious Member of the Gut Microbiome

Blastocystis spp. and Other Intestinal Parasites in Polish Soldiers Deployed to Lebanon and Iraq

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