The Regulation of Nodule Number in Legumes Is a Balance of Three Signal Transduction Pathways

Chaulagain, Diptee; Frugoli, Julia

doi:10.3390/ijms22031117

Cited by 37 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…This suggests that ethylene is not the only factor involved in the inhibition of nodulation by nitrate. Indeed, it has been shown that the autoregulation of nodulation (AON) pathway also contributes to the inhibition of nodulation by exogenous nitrate [ 23 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Genetic studies on L. japonicus revealed a role of HAR1 in controlling sensitivity to exogenous sources of fixed forms of nitrogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Exogenous Nitrate on LCO Signalling, Cytokinin Accumulation, and Nodule Initiation in Medicago truncatula

Gühl

Holmer

Xiao

et al. 2021

Genes

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Nitrogen fixation by rhizobia is a highly energy-demanding process. Therefore, nodule initiation in legumes is tightly regulated. Environmental nitrate is a potent inhibitor of nodulation. However, the precise mechanism by which this agent (co)regulates the inhibition of nodulation is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that in Medicago truncatula the lipo-chitooligosaccharide-induced accumulation of cytokinins is reduced in response to the application of exogenous nitrate. Under permissive nitrate conditions, perception of rhizobia-secreted signalling molecules leads to an increase in the level of four cytokinins (i.e., iP, iPR, tZ, and tZR). However, under high-nitrate conditions, this increase in cytokinins is reduced. The ethylene-insensitive mutant Mtein2/sickle, as well as wild-type plants grown in the presence of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), is resistant to the inhibition of nodulation by nitrate. This demonstrates that ethylene biosynthesis and perception are required to inhibit nodule organogenesis under high-nitrate conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Exogenous Nitrate on LCO Signalling, Cytokinin Accumulation, and Nodule Initiation in Medicago truncatula

Gühl

Holmer

Xiao

et al. 2021

Genes

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“…According to Chaulagain and Frugoli [41], legumes balance the number of nodules formed with the plant's need for N by integration of the outputs of least three signalling pathways. These include a pathway for nodule initiation, an inhibitory pathway for nodule number, and an inhibitory pathway based on N sufficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Preparation Containing Rhizobial Nod Factors on Pea Morphological Traits and Physiology

et al. 2021

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The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of increasing the pea yields by improving the symbiotic nitrogen fixation through the use of a preparation containing bacterial Nod factors (NFs). Two pea cultivars were included in the experiment: Wiato (with traditional foliage) and Model (afila type). Before sowing, the seeds were soaked in distilled water (control) and in a preparation of Nod factors at a concentration of 10−12 M dm−3 H2O. As a result, of the Nod factor preparation use, an acceleration of the date and uniformity of pea plant emergence was observed. The treatment had also a positive effect on the number and weight of root nodules, which resulted in a significant increase in the yield of vegetative and generative plant organs. A positive effect of seed soaking with NFs preparation was also observed in the dynamics of pea weight increase, chlorophyll content in leaves and the values of gas exchange parameters. Model cultivar of pea had generally higher values of the analysed traits than Wiato, but the response of both cultivars to Nod factors was similar. This means that application of the preparation containing NFs, may improve the growth, development, and yield of both types of pea.

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“…A suggested mode of control involves auxin transport from the shoot to the root to regulate nodule numbers as seen from the differential expressions of auxin inducible proteins in mutant and wild type M. truncatula [ 89 , 90 ]. The second possibility is the regulation of the plant defense mechanisms that may arrest or inhibit nodulation [ 91 ].…”

Section: The Two-phase Microbial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant–Microbe Interaction: Aboveground to Belowground, from the Good to the Bad

Nadarajah

Rahman

2021

IJMS

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Soil health and fertility issues are constantly addressed in the agricultural industry. Through the continuous and prolonged use of chemical heavy agricultural systems, most agricultural lands have been impacted, resulting in plateaued or reduced productivity. As such, to invigorate the agricultural industry, we would have to resort to alternative practices that will restore soil health and fertility. Therefore, in recent decades, studies have been directed towards taking a Magellan voyage of the soil rhizosphere region, to identify the diversity, density, and microbial population structure of the soil, and predict possible ways to restore soil health. Microbes that inhabit this region possess niche functions, such as the stimulation or promotion of plant growth, disease suppression, management of toxicity, and the cycling and utilization of nutrients. Therefore, studies should be conducted to identify microbes or groups of organisms that have assigned niche functions. Based on the above, this article reviews the aboveground and below-ground microbiomes, their roles in plant immunity, physiological functions, and challenges and tools available in studying these organisms. The information collected over the years may contribute toward future applications, and in designing sustainable agriculture.

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The Regulation of Nodule Number in Legumes Is a Balance of Three Signal Transduction Pathways

Cited by 37 publications

References 93 publications

The Effect of Exogenous Nitrate on LCO Signalling, Cytokinin Accumulation, and Nodule Initiation in Medicago truncatula

The Effect of Exogenous Nitrate on LCO Signalling, Cytokinin Accumulation, and Nodule Initiation in Medicago truncatula

The Effect of a Preparation Containing Rhizobial Nod Factors on Pea Morphological Traits and Physiology

Plant–Microbe Interaction: Aboveground to Belowground, from the Good to the Bad

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